Evaluation For Biodiversity And Habitat Suitability Based On Remote Sensing At The Living Area Of Amur Tiger(Panthera Tigris Altaica) And Amur Leopard(Panthera Pardus Orientalis)

Biodiversity assessment provides an important reference value for biodiversity conservation,which is specifically required by 15.1.2 of the Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs)of the United Nations.However,due to the scale and availability of indicator metadata,SDG15.1.2 cannot be applied to small-scale regions below the national level.To solve this problem,this study uses remote sensing technology,starts from the connotation of biodiversity,and takes the living area of wild tigers and leopards in northeast China as the research area.Five indexes(habitat quality index,enhanced vegetation index,net primary productivity,percentage of habitat area and Shannon diversity index)were selected to construct the biodiversity evaluation index system,and the quantitative calculation and assessment of biodiversity in the study area in the past 20 years were realized.On the basis of calculating the five sub-indicators,the sub-indicators were normalized to compare the relative importance of each other.The sub-indicators were weighted based on AHP-entropy weight method,and then the biodiversity index was obtained.The relevant classification evaluation was carried out based on previous experience,and the area proportion of different levels of biodiversity was calculated.In addition,the study area was divided into foreign regions,the Northeast Tiger and Leopard National Park and other areas in China,and the changes of biodiversity in three periods from 2001 to 2021 were counted respectively.The results of SDG15.1.2 were calculated to analyze the influencing factors of biodiversity.In general,the distribution of high levels of biodiversity was relatively uniform during the 20 years.The statistical results of the biodiversity of the third stage in China showed a similar structure.The proportion of the area with low biodiversity grade was higher than that of the other three levels,and the area of the area with low biodiversity grade was decreasing.There was little change in the areas of the average and medium biodiversity levels,and the areas tended to be stable on the whole.The areas with high biodiversity levels increased significantly from 2001 to 2011,by about 10%,but decreased during 2011 to 2021.The area with intermediate biodiversity has increased.The biodiversity structure of the Northeast Tiger and Leopard National Park was similar.The proportion of areas with high levels of biodiversity was higher than that of the other three levels,but their areas had decreased significantly in the past 20 years.It also shows that the biodiversity situation in the park is gradually deteriorating.The areas of the average and low biodiversity levels tended to be stable,and the main type of biodiversity change was from high to middle level in 20 years.In the past 20 years,the diversity of foreign regions also showed a significant deterioration trend.The area of the regions with low biodiversity level increased significantly,while the area of the regions with high biodiversity level decreased significantly,and the problem of biodiversity conservation became more and more serious.In the past 20 years,the scores of SDG 15.1.2 index in the domestic regions of the study area were all lower than 30%,which was still some distance from the optimal level(≥50%),indicating that the conservation of terrestrial biodiversity in the domestic areas within the study area still faced a certain amount of challenges.Although the score of SDG 15.1.2 index in the Northeast Tiger and Leopard National Park has always been higher than 50%,it is in the optimal level(≥50%),but it is still in a downward trend.The country should strengthen management efforts to ensure the biodiversity in the Northeast Tiger and Leopard National Park.The index scores of foreign regions dropped from middle grade to low grade,and the downward trend was obvious,which also needed to strengthen protection.Finally,from the perspective of habitat suitability,the dispersal resistance and cost distance of wild Siberian tigers and leopards were analyzed on the home scale,and the results of biodiversity index calculation were compared to evaluate the rationality and feasibility of the index system.