| Since the industrial revolution,the global climate has been warming rapidly due to human activities such as the burning of fossil fuels and greenhouse gas emissions,posing a major threat to the environment,ecosystems,society,economy and health.Cities in particular,as places where people gather to live,are also the places where disasters have the greatest impact on people’s survival and daily lives.As urbanization continues to accelerate,the urban heat island effect and the health problems caused by climate change are worsening.Faced with the dual pressure of accelerating urbanization and intensifying climate warming,it has become a challenging issue for the world to improve the urban environment and protect the physical and mental health of residents."During the 13 th Five-Year Plan period,the Party Central Committee has placed the protection of people’s health as a strategic priority and put forward the decision to implement the Health China Strategy.the construction of healthy cities and healthy villages and towns as an important means of promoting the construction of a healthy China" and "integrating health into the whole process of urban and rural planning,construction and governance".Therefore,exploring the interplay between urban development,climate and the health of residents is one of the most important aspects of healthy city planning and design.In this paper,Beijing was selected as the study area and the time points of major planning documents were used as the study years(2004,2008,2012,2016 and 2020)to construct a model of the Beijing high temperature climate index(based on the calculation method of the "Climate Index High Temperature" high temperature climate index issued by the China Meteorological Administration)to quantify the intensity of high temperature climate in Beijing in each year.as a basis for measuring the trend of high temperature climate change.The urban development index,consisting of the population,spatial,economic and social urbanization systems,and the residents’ health index,consisting of physical health,quality of living environment and health care conditions,were constructed to comprehensively evaluate the level of urban development and residents’ health.The indexes are weighted by the entropy method and CRITIC weighting method to calculate the urban development and residents’ health scores in Beijing.Finally,a coupled coordination model was constructed to measure the coupled coordination of the "climate-urban development-residents’ health" triad system,and to determine the level of coordinated development in Beijing through the classification criteria.Finally,recommendations are made based on the current problems in Beijing.The main findings of the study are as follows:(1)From 2004 to 2020,Beijing’s Urban Development Index shows a year-on-year upward trend,with an increase of 821%.Economic urbanization and spatial urbanization levels remain stable and rising during the study period,and economic urbanization will gradually become a key factor in the overall urban development level.The level of population urbanization has stabilized in recent years after a rapid rise in the previous period,and in 2020 the level of social livelihoods has suffered a serious setback,resulting in a significant year-on-year decline in social urbanization.(2)In general,the intensity of hot weather in Beijing shows a trend of "three peaks and two valleys",and the intensity of hot weather in the central city is higher than that in the peripheral areas.The lowest valley of the HCI is in 2008,and the highest value will be reached in 2020.The variability of the HCI varies greatly from district to district,with Tong Zhou,the district with the largest variability,being 3.16 times larger than Feng Tai,the district with the smallest variability.Influenced by the various stages of urban planning and related policies,the changes in high temperature climate intensity in each district of Beijing coincide with policy-driven development trends and are clearly linked to key urban construction directions.(3)The health level of Beijing residents has been on a year-on-year rise,from 26.36 in 2004 to 66.88 in 2020,with an average annual increase of 5.99%.The health conditions in Beijing in2020 have declined significantly year-on-year,and the health care sector is still unable to meet the demand for health care arising from the rapid growth of the urban population,resulting in an inappropriate level of health care resources per capita.(4)The degree of coordination between climate,urban development and residents’ health in Beijing has generally moved upwards,from a serious disorder at the beginning to a high-quality level of coordination,before dropping sharply to a level on the verge of disorder in 2020.The main constraints on the balanced and coordinated development of the system vary over time,with climate being the most critical factor hindering the coordinated development of the triad in 2020."There is a contradictory and negative correlation between climate and urban development,with changes in the direction of urban development causing changes in the opposite direction of climate. |
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