Theoretical Study Of The Cavity Heisenberg-spin-chain Quantum Battery

Quantum batteries（QBs）are devices that use quantum mechanics to store and trans-fer energy.Compared with traditional batteries,QB have higher energy storage density,longer lifetime and faster charge/discharge rate,which are important for the research of high performance energy storage devices and miniaturization of electronic devices.In or-der to understand the working principle and characteristics of QBs,and to realize the high performance charging and discharging of QB,many QB models have been proposed,such as Dicke QB,cavity QB,Heisenberg-spin-chain QB,etc.Among them,the Heisenberg-spin-chain QB is an important QB model,which can well describe the influence of the interaction between multiple spins on the QB’s performance.Normally,the Heisenberg-spin-chain QB is charged by an external driving field,and the optical cavity in the excited state can store a large number of photons to provide energy for the QB.Second,large spin quantum systems have been shown to have greater advantages over two-level systems in the field of quantum technology.Therefore,it is important to study cavity Heisenberg-spin-chain QBs using cavity fields instead of external driving fields and large spin QBs based on high-dimensional quantum systems.Based on this,the cavity Heisenberg-spin-chain QB with long-range interactions and the large spin open cavity Heisenberg-spin-chain QB are studied in this paper.First,we study the cavity Heisenberg-spin-chain QB with long-range interaction-s.The effects of cavity-spin coupling and spin-spin interaction on the performance of the QB are discussed,and the superlinear scalar relation for the quantum advantage of the maximum charging power of the QB is obtained,i.e.,P_max∝N^α,where N is the number of atoms in the second energy level andαis the scalar index.By changing the system parameters,the quantum advantage of the cavity Heisenberg-spin-chain QB can be achieved up toα≈2.The critical behavior of the maximum storage energy of the cavity Heisenberg-spin-chain QB is found,and the Wigner function,the Von Neumann entropy,and the log-negative degree near the critical point are analyzed to reveal the in-fluence of the ground state entanglement between the cavity and the spin on the charging performance of the cavity Heisenberg-spin-chain QB.The mechanism of cavity-spin s-tate entanglement on the charging performance of the cavity Heisenberg-spin-chain QB is revealed.This work provides a new idea for the performance optimization of cavity Heisenberg-spin-chain QBs,which is important for the in-depth study of the cavity-spin coupling mechanism and the development of high-performance QBs.In addition,we investigate the cavity Heisenberg-spin-chain QB based on the cavity-large spin interaction model in both closed and open systems.In the closed system,we analyze the effect of cavity-spin coupling and spin-spin interactions on the performance of the QB during the charging process.In the open system,we investigate the stable charging of the QB by considering the cavity field dissipation and the ambient temperature.Our results show that the large spin QB exhibits higher storage energy and charging power.We also show that stable charging of the QB can be achieved by considering both the cavity field dissipation and the ambient temperature.This research provides important insights into the charging mechanism of the cavity-large spin interaction model-based QB in both closed and open systems,and sheds light on the influence of cavity-spin entanglement on the performance of the QB.Our results have significant theoretical implications for the design and optimisation of large spin open QBs.In summary,this paper constructs two QB schemes based on the cavity Heisenberg-spin-chain model:the cavity Heisenberg-spin-chain QB with long-range interactions and the cavity Heisenberg-spin-chain QB based on the cavity-large spin interaction model.The effects of cavity-spin coupling and spin-spin interaction on the performance of the cavity Heisenberg-spin-chain QBs are analyzed,and the connection between cavity-spin entanglement and QB’s performance is explored.This work provides new ideas for the ex-ploration of new energy storage technologies,helps to further improve the energy storage and charging efficiency of spin-chain and cavity QBs,and lays the theoretical foundation for the smooth development of related experiments.