A Multi-Level Statistical Modelling Of Residents’ Well-Being

In the context of China’s urbanization entering a stage of high-quality development,improving the quality of life and well-being of urban residents is an important focus of deepening reform in the new era and has great significance for achieving the “two centenaries” goals.Zhengzhou,as one of the national central cities,has experienced rapid population and economic growth and further urbanization in recent years.On the one hand,rapid urbanization has promoted local economic and social development,but on the other hand,it also faces problems such as population congestion,traffic congestion,ecological environment damage and other “big city diseases”.Compared with the traditional developed cities of Beijing,Shanghai and Guangzhou,the urbanization process of these three cities is relatively mature.They have experienced decades of urbanization development and have a relatively stable development speed.Zhengzhou is in the process of rapid economic development and its industrial structure is still constantly adjusting and optimizing.In the process of rapid urbanization,the problems faced by the internal development of the city are more prominent.In the context of comprehensive economic and social transformation,improving the happiness level of residents in new first-tier megacities is not only an inevitable requirement for building a new type of peoplecentered urbanization but also an essential requirement for socialism entering a new era of development.This paper is based on the large-scale survey data of social satisfaction of “urban physical examination”in Zhengzhou city,combined with multi-source heterogeneous big data such as geographic spatial data,mobile phone signaling data,public opinion data,and government platform data.Taking the main urban area of Zhengzhou city as the research area,using multi-level statistical models and Shapley Values factor set contribution calculation method based on game theory,it first systematically models the systematic differences of residents’ subjective well-being at different spatial scales within the city and explores the influence and relative contribution of variable groups such as socio-economic attributes,urban human settlement environment evaluation,and community comfort perception on residents’ subjective well-being.At the same time,using a non-compensatory indicator aggregation method,it accurately measures the level of urban objective quality of life.Secondly,in order to further verify the debate on well-being measurement methods among different disciplines,this paper focuses on the matching and spatial differentiation pattern of residents’ subjective and objective well-being at a fine scale within the city.And on this basis,using the statistical model developed by Henderson et al.,it calculates the appropriate weights and organically combines residents’ subjective and objective well-being to measure a more comprehensive and accurate level of residents’ comprehensive well-being.The research results show that:Firstly,by constructing a multi-level statistical model of residents-community-street,the systematic modeling of residents’ subjective well-being in Zhengzhou city found that subjective well-being has significant systematic differences at the micro-individual,community and street scales.By constructing subjective well-being models at three scales,the influence intensity of different scale geographic environments on residents’ subjective well-being can be effectively identified.Secondly,using the Shapley Values factor set contribution degree calculation method to calculate the results of different spatial scale geographic environment factor sets shows that community comfort perception has the largest relative contribution to micro-individual subjective well-being,and social comparison variable group also has a significant impact on residents’ subjective well-being level.Finally,through the analysis of objective quality of life in the main urban area of Zhengzhou city,it is found that the areas with high quality of life in Zhengzhou are concentrated in the streets of the central urban area,and the objective quality of life level shows a radial pattern radiating from the city center to the periphery.In the analysis of the matching of residents’ subjective and objective well-being,at the community(street)scale within the city,there is a significant positive correlation between subjective and objective wellbeing(r = 0.61,p < 0.05).This result indicates that both objective indicators and subjective evaluations can effectively reflect the well-being status of residents within the city.Secondly,by exploring the spatial differentiation characteristics of subjective and objective well-being within the city,it is found that the correlation level of subjective and objective well-being shows a ring-shaped decreasing spatial differentiation characteristic from the city center to the suburbs.Finally,using a multi-level random slope statistical model to analyze the matching of subjective and objective well-being in different streets,it is found that at the street scale,residents’ happiness obtained by subjective measurement methods such as survey questionnaires and objective quality of life level have significant geographic matching.Among them,the streets in the city center and eastern region have significantly higher matching than other regions.In the comprehensive measurement of residents’ well-being,the comprehensive well-being results obtained by using the statistical model developed by Henderson et al.show that the streets with high comprehensive well-being level in Zhengzhou city are mainly concentrated in the old urban area within the second ring road,while the streets in the suburban area are relatively backward.This result indicates that within Zhengzhou city,the development of residents’ comprehensive well-being level has not played a good radiating and driving role,but rather has a very prominent spatial heterogeneity characteristic.This study focuses on the fine scale within the city,based on the organic integration and application of multi-source heterogeneous big data such as social satisfaction questionnaire data and urban geographic spatial big data in Zhengzhou city,and uses spatial multi-level statistical models to analyze residents’ wellbeing and spatial differentiation patterns.The study provides reference and inspiration for enhancing residents’ sense of gain,happiness and security,implementing a new type of people-centered urbanization strategy,and provides support for the networked,refined governance and urban renewal of the city.