Investigation On Flower-visiting And Fruit-eating Birds Of Prunus Mira Koehne In Bayi District Of Linzhi City

Pollination is an important part of sexual reproduction in higher plants.After pollination and fertilization,plants can produce seeds and reproduce.Seed propagation can promote the expansion of the living range of plants,which is an inevitable way for natural regeneration of plants.The interaction between plants and herbivores can promote plant pollination and seed spread.Bird-plant reciprocal network is one of the important plant-animal interaction relationships,which has important application value in agriculture.Birds play an important role in the pollination process of plants.Birds can spread seeds in a long distance and help plants complete population renewal.Prunus mira koehne,a national second-class protected plant,is located in Sichuan,Yunnan and Tibet in China.In Linzhi city,it is mostly in the wild.The flowering period is concentrated in March-April,the fruit matures in October-November,and the fruit basically falls at the end of November.The results showed that there were 2605 visiting birds of 28 species belonging to 22 genera,17 families and 3 orders.The Shannon-Wiener diversity index,Pielou evenness index,Margalef richness index and Simpson dominance index were 2.14,0.36,1.65 and 0.85,respectively.The most frequently visited bird is Leucosticte nemoricola,followed by Trochalopteron henrici and Phoenicurus auroreus.There are 14 species of birds that pollinate Prunus mira koehne.The birds that pollinate most frequently are Linling finch,followed by Gray-bellied Laughter and Phylloscopus pulcher.The birds that pollinate mostly peck at stamens and are mostly smaller passerines.In the survey of fruit-eating birds in Prunus mira koehne,2860 birds of 24 species belonging to 16 families,6 orders visited Prunus mira koehne tree,with 15 resident birds as the main species.Gray-bellied laughingstock,Aegithalos iouschistos and orange-spotted-winged warbler visited most.The feeding days were 26 days for Cynodon cinerea and Parus minor.The pecking frequency(48.5%)was the highest.Birds with seed transmission function are Cynodon cinerea,Streptopelia orientalis,Turdus albocinctus,North Red-tailed owl and Pyrrhocorax,all of which carry out seed transmission by means of grabbing.A total of 2148 birds,belonging to 12 species,8 families,10 genera and 3 orders,were recorded feeding on the ground fruit of Prunus mira koehne.Among them,the gray-bellied noise and the mountain dove spread the seeds of Prunus mira koehne on the ground in a way of grabbing.In the investigation of fruit-eating birds on trees and on the ground of Prunus mira koehne,the birds with the strongest fruit feeding intensity were Prunella strophiata,Carpodacus dubius and Cynodon cinerea.There is no significant correlation between the weight,body length and peak length of the mouth of fruit-eating birds and the feeding times.The beak peaks of five species of birds with fruit,namely,red-billed Jay,white-necked thrush,gray-bellied blackbird,mountain dove and northern red-tailed thrush,are different in length.The beak peaks of red-billed Jay,white-necked thrush and gray-bellied thrush are all larger than the width of light walnut seeds,only the beak peaks of red-billed Jay are larger than the fruit width of light walnut,and the northern red-tailed thrush is bigger than the fruit width of light walnut.The length of the mouth peak of the white-necked thrush is similar to the width of the fruit;The length of the beak peak of the other 15 species of birds is smaller than the width of the fruit of Prunus mira koehne,and they mainly peck at the pulp.This study promoted the understanding of the interaction between birds and Prunus mira koehne.The flowers and fruits of Prunus mira koehne attracted many birds to feed,and the existence of these birds could promote the spread of pollen and seeds of Prunus mira koehne.Protecting the birds and their diversity in the distribution area of Prunus mira koehne can promote the reproduction and natural regeneration of Prunus mira koehne,which is beneficial to the protection of Prunus mira koehne resources.