Research On The Pricing Game Relationship Between Road And Rail Transportation Of Grain Container

With the increasing trend of regional concentration in grain production in China,the issue of regional imbalance in grain production and sales is becoming increasingly prominent.The Northeast region is the largest grain outflow region in China,a large amount of grain is sold from the Northeast to the South every year.At present,relying on the advantages of ports in Liaoning Province,the Northeast region is actively opening up the container "shipping" channel for grain.Grain transportation is first gathering at the port through rail or road transportation,and then transferred to sea transportation after arriving at the port in Liaoning.In the process of grain consolidation at ports,freight rate is an important factor affecting shippers’ choice of transportation of port consolidation.Therefore,studying the pricing issues of rail and road transportation of grain container has important practical significance for the development of grain export transportation in Northeast China and the reasonable competition in the grain port transportation market.Firstly,this article analyzes the current demand and supply situation of grain transportation in Northeast China.In transportation demand,it is found that the demand for grain transportation is characterized by seasonality and timeliness,and the sensitivity of shippers to timeliness is influenced by grain prices.In transportation supply,the superiority of container transportation of grain is clarified,and it is found that there is a problem of insufficient train capacity in the Northeast region during the peak season of grain transportation.Secondly,based on the Hotelling model,a grain container price game model considering grain prices and train capacity is established to study the competitive pricing problem of train and road transportation.The equilibrium freight rates,market share,and profit of train and road transportation are obtained.The model is validated and analyzed through an example of corn transportation from Changchun to Yingkou Port,and the relationship between the equilibrium solution and the main parameters is obtained,the degree of influence of the main parameters on the equilibrium solution is obtained too.The results indicate that as the frequency of train operation increases,the impact of changes in grain prices on the balanced profits of train and road transportation weakens.Finally,the pure price game model was extended by considering the pricing issues of train transportation and road transportation under different service competition strategies.The equilibrium results of train transportation and road transportation in different situations is obtained,and the conditions for the existence of service competition equilibrium solutions in different situations are given.The model is validated and analyzed by designing examples with different market sizes and main parameters,and the optimal pricing and service competition strategies for train and road transportation are obtained.The results indicate that when the market size is fixed,the equilibrium results of service competition vary with changes in service cost coefficient,train capacity,and cargo owner preferences;When the market size is small,train transportation and road transportation can expand market share through service competition;When the market size is large,both parties should use price competition as the main means of competition.