| Silicon(Si)is an indispensable element in the process of rice growth and development,which can promote rice growth and increase rice yield.In China,due to frequent replanting of rice fields,there is a large loss of effective silicon in the soil,resulting in insufficient supply of silicon required for rice.Cadmium(Cd)is a heavy metal element,and its toxicity is more harmful to plants.And rice is a crop that is easily enriched in Cd,and it is easy to accumulate Cd in the soil into the seeds,thus enriching it into human body through the food chain,which has a serious impact on the safe production of rice and human life and health.In this study,a rice pot experiment was conducted to simulate Cd stress by artificially adding Cd Cl2 solution to the soil,and three silicon formulations(Si-50 G,Si-TG,and Si-EG)were applied to investigate the effects of silicon formulations on soil physicochemical properties,chemical form of Cd in soil,Cd content of various organs of rice,rice enrichment and translocation coefficients,and rice yield under Cd stress.The results of the study provide a scientific basis for the application of silicon formulations to improve rice resistance to cadmium stress,and have important theoretical and practical significance for ensuring safe rice production and the subsequent development of silicon fertilizers.The results of this experiment showed that.(1)Cd stress significantly reduced soil p H and CEC and significantly increased soil conductivity.Si-TG was the best for raising soil p H and CEC,with 6.07-6.13% and 11.7-11.8%,respectively,while Si-50 G was the best for lowering soil conductivity,with 13.8-15.2%.Silicon formulations also enhanced soil nutrient content,with Si-TG being the best for enhancing soil fast-acting potassium content,significantly increasing 13.18%-15.71% at low and high Cd stress;Si-50 G was the best for enhancing alkaline nitrogen content,significantly increasing 14.72%-11.96% at low and high Cd stress;the best for enhancing soil fast-acting phosphorus content was Si-EG,which significantly increased soil fast-acting phosphorus content by 14.55%-11.21% under low and high concentrations of Cd stress(2)All three silicon formulations reduced the biological effectiveness of soil Cd.Among them,Si-TG had the best effect and the difference was significant.Under low and high concentrations of Cd stress,Si-TG could reduce the effective Cd content in soil by 35.01% and 35.11%;the exchangeable state Cd content by 36.33% and 33.51%;and the carbonate-bound Cd content by 37.41% and 37.03%,respectively.It also significantly increased the contents of cadmium in iron-manganese oxide bound state,organic bound state and residue state in the soil by 45.92% and 25.24%,50.18% and 10.67%,33.27% and 32.11%,respectively.(3)Silicon preparation significantly reduced Cd content in all organs of rice,and Si-TG was the most effective in reducing Cd content in rice seeds.It significantly decreased 62.07% and 63.20% under low and high concentrations of Cd stress,respectively.Silica preparations also significantly reduced the enrichment factor of Cd in rice,and Si-TG was the most effective,with 40.84% and 38.44% reduction under low and high Cd stress,respectively.(5)Under Cd stress,the yield of rice was significantly lower than that of CK.application of Si formulation could improve the yield of rice under Cd stress by significantly increasing the effective number of spikes,number of grains,fruit set rate and thousand grain weight of rice.Under low Cd stress,Si-50 G resulted in the best yield increase of 19.11%,followed by Si-TG.Under high Cd stress,Si-TG resulted in the best yield increase of 10.57%,followed by Si-50 G.In conclusion,Si formulations can reduce the effect of Cd on soil physicochemical properties,decrease the effectiveness of Cd in soil and Cd accumulation by rice,and increase the yield of rice under Cd stress.Among them,Si-TG treatment was the most effective and could maximize the resistance of rice to Cd stress and increase the yield of rice. |
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