Research On The Impact Risk Of Human Activities On Landscape Fragmentation In Northeast China Tiger And Leopard National Park

Northeastern China Tiger and Leopard National Park(NCTLNP)is a biodiversity hotspot and priority conservation area in China,but at the same time,it is also an area heavily impacted by human activities,and the risk of habitat fragmentation of tigers and leopards is serious.Therefore,it is important to carry out research on the impact of human activities on landscape fragmentation in the NCTLNP to balance the conflict between wildlife conservation and human activities development.Despite the abundant research results on risk assessment,no research has been conducted to explore the risk of human activities on landscape fragmentation.In view of this,based on relevant researches,this paper constructs a method to identify the risk area of human activities on landscape fragmentation,and combines human footprint theory,landscape pattern analysis,the Generalized additive model,GIS spatial analysis and other related theoretical methods to deeply assess the impact risk of human activities on landscape fragmentation in NCTLNP.The main findings are as follows.(1)From the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of landscape fragmentation,human intervention plays a decisive role in mitigating landscape fragmentation,but it also indicates that human activities are the main factor impacting landscape fragmentation.From 2015 to 2020,the landscape fragmentation in the study area is light and has significantly decreased since the pilot construction of the NCTLNP system in 2017.However,the severely fragmented areas still account for 8-10% of the total area.Among them,the area percentage in the population gathering zone is as high as about 70%,and the closer to the areas with frequent human activities,the more serious the landscape fragmentation and the more drastic the changes.(2)The risk assessment at the global scale of the study area can generally grasp the spatial distribution of the impact risk of various human activity factors.Between 2015 and 2020,the impact risk areas of Land use intensity and Industrial and mining activities do not change significantly;The percentage of the Traffic accessibility impact risk area increased by 16.38% in5 years,mainly due to the gradual increase in landscape fragmentation in the eastern region caused by the construction of national road G331;The percentage of the Population density risk area increased by 6.6% in 2020.In addition,the area of the landscape fragmentation risk area under the combined impact of four human activity factors increased from 561.51km~2 to 1436.76km~2,and the coverage increased nearly threefold in five years.(3)The risk assessment at the scale of the dominant area can clearly show the spatial differentiation characteristics of the impact risk of various human activity factors.There are obvious spatial differences in the risk areas of the four human activity factors.Among them,Land use intensity impact risk area is the largest and scattered,accounting for about 34% of the total area;Secondly,Traffic accessibility impact risk area is concentrated in the southeastern of the study area,which is seriously impacted by national road G331;Then the Population density impact risk area is distributed around the residential point;The impact risk area of Industrial and mining activities is the smallest and is concentrated in the central region of the study area.In addition,the core protection zone,general control zone and the whole area of the study area have the same distribution pattern,while the percentage of the risk area impacted by Industrial and mining activities is second only to the Land use intensity in the population gathering zone.This study can provide a reference basis for the management of the NCTLNP to adopt targeted human activity control measures,and has implications for the construction and management of other national parks and other nature reserves.There are 22 figures,14 table,and 102 reference in this paper.