Subway Station Evacuation Simulation And Bottleneck Identification Considering Pedestrian Panic

In recent years,the frequent occurrence of unexpected events in subway systems in various countries has resulted in a large number of casualties and serious economic losses.Panic among pedestrians,coupled with the inability to carry out timely and effective evacuation,is one of the important reasons for physical injuries and even deaths.Therefore,it is crucial to quantify pedestrians’ panic emotions,accurately identify the bottleneck points that cause crowded gatherings in subway stations,and propose reasonable optimization strategies.These strategies can effectively alleviate congestion during the evacuation process,reduce evacuation time,and improve evacuation efficiency.This will provide a scientific theoretical basis for the formulation of emergency plans and have practical significance in reducing the human and property losses caused by unexpected events.This paper takes the manifestation of panic psychology and behavioral characteristics during the evacuation process as the starting point.Through the study of factors affecting pedestrian emergency evacuation and evacuation bottlenecks,a modified social force model considering panic emotions is constructed,and the simulation results are analyzed.Finally,taking the Eastern Gate Station of Suzhou Metro Line 1 as an example,a case study is conducted to analyze and propose specific evacuation strategies for the station’s evacuation facilities,passenger flow status,and service efficiency.The main research contents and achievements of this paper are as follows:First,by considering the impact of self-panic and panic transmission,and introducing factors such as gender,age,and perception area,the generation and transmission mechanism of panic emotions are analyzed.A panic emotion model is established and incorporated into the classic social force model to improve the expected speed and psychological force of pedestrians.Finally,the effectiveness of the model is verified,and the panic threshold is determined to be 0.3,indicating that moderate panic can improve evacuation efficiency when the panic level is below 0.3.However,when the panic level is high,evacuation efficiency will decrease.Secondly,a subway station evacuation simulation model is built based on the modified social force model,and evacuation bottlenecks are identified by jointly considering the level division of passenger flow status and the calculation of service efficiency of evacuation facilities.When the passenger flow status of a facility reaches level C or above,the congestion duration exceeds 80 seconds,or the service efficiency is less than 0.5,the facility is identified as an evacuation bottleneck.Then,an example analysis is conducted by using the Anylogic software to simulate the actual scenario and analyze the pedestrian density,evacuation population,average speed,etc.The passenger flow status of each facility is collected and the service efficiency is calculated to jointly identify the evacuation bottlenecks in the subway station.There are 8 evacuation facility bottlenecks in the Suzhou Metro Line 1 Dongfangzhimen Station,mainly concentrated at escalators and ticket gates,and targeted evacuation strategies are proposed for them.Finally,the research results of this paper show that the level of panic can affect the evacuation efficiency of subway stations.Through simulation experiments,it is found that the overall evacuation time of the crowd under high panic is longer than that under low panic.The average evacuation time under low panic is 139 seconds,while the average evacuation time under high panic is 176 seconds.Therefore,in actual evacuation process,efforts should be made to reduce the proportion of high panic individuals as much as possible in order to improve evacuation efficiency.