Study On Supercritical CO₂ Extraction And Antioxidation Of Essential Oil Of Zanthoxylum Armatum DC.

Zanthoxylum armatum DC.,a traditional dual-purpose crop for medicine and food,is widely planted in southern China and has become a major cash crop in many regions.Currently,the overwhelming majority of Zanthoxylum armatum DC.is utilized in the seasoning sector,and its development and application in bio-pharmaceutical,cosmetic and other aspects are insufficient.As an important component of Zanthoxylum armatum DC.,essential oil(volatile oil)has anti-inflammatory,bacteriostatic,insecticidal,analgesic and antioxidant effects.Studying the extraction process and biological activity of Zanthoxylum armatum DC.essential oil can accelerate the development and application of Zanthoxylum armatum DC.,and accelerate the industrial upgrading of Zanthoxylum armatum DC..As an environmentally friendly extraction technology,supercritical CO2 extraction has a high extraction rate and can extract high-quality active ingredients,which is considered suitable for extracting plant active ingredients.This paper aims to optimize the parameters and conditions of supercritical CO2 extraction of Zanthoxylum armatum DC.essential oil,analyze the main components of Zanthoxylum armatum DC.essential oil,explore the antioxidant capacity of Zanthoxylum armatum DC.essential oil,provide reference for the application of Zanthoxylum armatum DC.in medicine,daily use and other industries,and provide reference for the effective use of Zanthoxylum armatum DC..This paper takes Zanthoxylum armatum DC.as raw material,uses supercritical CO2 technology to extract Zanthoxylum armatum DC.essential oil,studies the process flow of supercritical CO2 extraction of Zanthoxylum armatum DC.essential oil,analyzes its main influencing factors by single factor test,and optimizes the extraction process by response surface test.The components of the essential oil of Zanthoxylum armatum DC.were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry,infrared spectroscopy,Raman spectroscopy and other analysis methods to determine the main components of the essential oil of Zanthoxylum armatum DC..The essential oil and primary constituents of Zanthoxylum armatum DC.were assessed for their antioxidant potential using the DPPH and ABTS assays.the following conclusions are reached:(1)The main process conditions and influencing factors of extracting the essential oil of Zanthoxylum armatum DC.by supercritical CO2 extraction technology were obtained through experiments.The optimal process for supercritical CO2 extraction of volatile oil from Zanthoxylum armatum DC.is as follows: Extraction time is 80 min,extraction temperature is 50.5 ℃,and extraction pressure is 25.5 MPa.Under these conditions,the average yield of essential oil from Zanthoxylum armatum DC.is 14.25%.The main factors affecting the supercritical CO2 extraction of Zanthoxylum armatum DC.essentia oil and their order of magnitude are: extraction time>extraction pressure>extraction temperature,and the interaction between extraction time and extraction pressure is significant.(2)Obtaining the main chemical constituents of Zanthoxylum armatum DC.essential oil.GC-MS showed that the essential oil of Zanthoxylum armatum DC.contains alcohols represented by linalool,alkenes represented by junipene and D-limonene,as well as ketone aldehydes and esters.Combined with infrared spectrum,Raman spectrum and standard comparison,several main components with more contents were determined: linalool,junipene,D-limonene,α-Terpinene,α-Terpineol,Laurene,γ-Terpinene.(3)The characteristic vibration spectrum of Zanthoxylum armatum DC.essential oil was collected and analyzed.The infrared spectrum can well show the types of compounds in the essential oil of Zanthoxylum armatum DC..According to the peak position information,the main types of compounds in the essential oil of Zanthoxylum armatum DC.are the same as the GC-MS detection results.At the same time,the infrared spectrum shows that the essential oil of Zanthoxylum armatum DC..may contain more amide substances than the essential oil of steam distillation.The Raman spectrum can effectively demonstrate the characteristic peaks of the main components in the essential oil of Zanthoxylum armatum DC.through its unique fingerprint peaks.The characteristic peaks of the main compounds provided by Raman spectrum combined with the data provided by GC-MS are helpful to identify the components in the volatile oil,especially some isomers with the same mass spectrum and very close elution time in GC-MS,such as β-Hydrocelercene and junipene.Infrared spectrum and Raman spectrum have good performance in the analysis of the essential oil of Zanthoxylum armatum DC..As two complementary spectral techniques,they have the advantages of simple operation process,fast result display and non-destructive testing.They are expected to become a common detection method for the essential oils of Zanthoxylum armatum DC.,and provide effective help for the component analysis and quality control of Zanthoxylum armatum DC.essential oil.(4)The in vitro antioxidant capacity of Zanthoxylum armatum DC.essential oil and its main components were investigated by DPPH and ABTS methods.The supercritical CO2 method essential oil has stronger antioxidant activity than the steam method essential oil,and the antioxidant capacity of the two essential oils is quite different.In the antioxidant test of the main components,γ-terpinene and α-terpinene showed strong antioxidant capacity.