Identification Of Gannan Navel Oranges And Red-flesh Navel Oranges By Chromatography Mass Spectrometry And Factory Design Of Navel Orange Juice

The navel orange(Citrus sinensis Osbeck)is one of the most important agricultural fruit crops in the world,it is rich in many natural phytochemicals such as terpenes,amino acids,flavonoids and phenolic acids that are essential to the human body.Gannan red-flesh navel oranges(Citrus sinensis Osbeck)and navel oranges were two strains mutated from Washington navel oranges as mother buds.Gannan red-flesh navel orange,a variety of red navel orange,originated in Venezuela and introduced to China by the "948" project in the 1990 s,has been widely cultivated in southern Jiangxi in recent years.The flesh color of the product is pink or dark red,and crystal clear,and has a special sweet and sour flavor.The fruit is nearly spherical,the umbilical part is closed naturally,the quality is good,and the commodity is high.In the ripening process,due to the precipitation of lycopene,it gradually appears attractive bright red,bright color to attract consumers,improve their desire to buy.The results of this study were based on the chemical composition of headspace solid phase microextraction,gas chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry(HS-SPME-GC-QQQ-MS)combined with ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry(UPLC-QTOF-MS).By comparing the different types and contents of the chemical composition of the pulp of the second class navel orange,the results of this study will help lay a foundation for discovering the different properties of volatile and non-volatile compounds between red-flesh navel oranges and navel oranges.The main research contents include:Chapter 1: The chemical composition of Gannan red-flesh navel oranges and navel oranges and other citrus fruits are described.The navel oranges is rich in organic acids,flavonoids,phenolic acids and other natural bioactive substances,which have nutritional and health effects.Using non-targeted metabolomics technology and stoichiometry to analyze the differences of orange varieties in southern Jiangxi,clarify their advantages and disadvantages,which is helpful for the study of synthetic biology pathways to maintain superior traits,and has far-reaching significance for further breeding and improving varieties,improving germplasm resources,promoting agricultural development and increasing economic value.Chapter 2: The volatile components of Gannan red-flesh navel oranges and navel oranges were analyzed by headspace solid-phase microextraction-gas chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry(HS-SPME-GC-QQQ-MS)to explore the differences of volatile components in the pulp of the two kinds of navel oranges.A total of 79 volatile components were identified in the experiment,mainly included terpenes,aldehydes and alcohols In addition,using chemometric analysis method,22 differential compounds were respectively screened out in pulp samples by OPLS-DA discriminant model.Chapter 3: The non-volatile components of Gannan red-flesh navel oranges and navel oranges were analyzed by UPLC-QTOF-MS technology.According to the results of principal component analysis(PCA),it was found that the two kinds of navel oranges had a good degree of discrimination,and combined with the principles of VIP > 1.0,P value(Tukey test)< 0.001 and Fold Change value > 2 or < 0.5 in the OPLS-DA discriminant model,28 differential compounds were screened out from pulp samples.Search for pharmacological compounds with anticancer,antibacterial,antiviral,anti liver complications,and anti myocardial infarction value in red oranges,which have biological potential for inhibiting multiple myeloma cells and promoting insulin secretion.Chapter 4: In this chapter,the total phenolic content(TPC),total flavonoids content(TFC)and antioxidant activity indexes of Gannan navel oranges and Gannan red-flesh navel orange were determined.The results showed that there were significant differences in TPC,TFC and antioxidant activity due to the genetic differences among the orange varieties.Correlation analysis of the above results with the differential nonvolatile components showed that polyphenols were significantly positively correlated with antioxidant activity,but several flavonoid glycosides in the differential compounds were negatively correlated with antioxidant activity.Chapter 5: Using mature navel oranges certified by the Gannan Navel Orange Association in four main production areas as raw materials,the headspace solid-phase microextraction gas chromatography triple quadrupole mass spectrometry(HS-SPME-GC-QQQ-MS)technique was used for analysis.20-30 authentic original orange samples were selected from each orchard for analysis.There are 6 unique volatile components in the Anyuan Formation;There are 7 unique volatile components in the Nankang Formation: 5 unique volatile components in the Ruijin Formation,and 6 unique volatile components in the Xinfeng Formation.Chapter 6: This chapter is about the design of a factory that produces 3000 tons of navel orange concentrated juice annually.Concentrated orange juice is a product that uses physical methods to remove a certain proportion of water from the juice extracted from orange fruits.It can be used in juice production,milk tea industry,cooking,and after adding water to restore,it has the characteristics of the extracted juice.This chapter covers the design background,domestic and international status,feasibility study,product plan,production plan,production process,equipment selection,water and electrical estimation,labor estimation,auxiliary departments,and workshop drawing planning of orange juice factories.The HACCP control system is used in production to ensure the quality and safety of factory processes,enhance product competitiveness and improve economic benefits by utilizing rich geographical advantages,This design provides production guidance and theoretical basis for the construction of a navel orange juice factory.