| The Yellow River Basin is an important ecological barrier and a major economic zone in China.There are several energy-rich cities in the basin,and it occupies an important position in China’s energy security,utilization and development with its own advantages in mineral resources,but it is also a key area with fragile ecology,environmental pollution and urgent need for protection.Exploring the path of green development in this region is of great research significance to promote the ecological protection and high-quality development strategy of the Yellow River Basin.This paper firstly analyzes the economic,social,resource and ecological development characteristics of the energy-rich area based on the national strategic requirements of ecological protection and high-quality development in the Yellow River Basin,and clarifies the characteristics of the study area based on the existing research results.On this basis,we analyze the connotation of green development and construct a green development level assessment index system to realize the dynamic evaluation of the green development level of energy-rich areas in the Yellow River Basin from 2005 to 2020.Second,we analyze the spatial and temporal evolution pattern of green development level of 42 cities in energy-rich areas by using Arc GIS spatial analysis tools.The inequality of green development in energy-rich areas and basins is measured by calculating the Thiel index,and the heterogeneity of cities in different zones is analyzed by using the hierarchical classification method.Finally,GIS spatial autocorrelation and geographic detector methods are used to explore the spatial distribution characteristics and drivers of green development level in energy-rich areas,and through single-factor detection and interaction analysis of drivers,targeted suggestions are proposed to enhance green development level in energy-rich areas.The study finds that:(1)the typical characteristics of energy-rich areas in the Yellow River Basin are: slow industrial restructuring,economic and living standards still have gaps compared with those of the whole country,water shortage,large differences in internal energy consumption,and ecological quality to be improved.(2)The social and livelihood indexes of energy-rich areas are rising steadily,while the economic development indexes are fluctuating.Most cities have a low level of green development,and provincial capitals are mostly in high level,and their social and livelihood indices have significant advantages.The cross-sectional observation of green development scores of cities shows a long-tail distribution.(3)The regional variability of green development level is mainly manifested as intra-basin differences,especially in the lower reaches,followed by the middle reaches and the smallest in the upper reaches.The largest difference in economic indexes and the smallest difference in resource and environmental indexes are observed between basins.Several indices in the downstream are higher than those in the upstream and midstream,and there are no high-grade cities in the upstream.(4)The level of green development in energy-rich areas is significantly spatially positively correlated.The driving factors are,from high to low,people’s living standard,human capital,science and technology,openness to the outside world,economic development and environmental regulation.The driving force of environmental regulation is weak but keeps increasing.The driving forces of all factors interacting with each other are higher than the factors acting alone.The leading driving factors are not the same in different basins.Accordingly,we propose the policy suggestions of increasing the investment in science and technology in the upper reaches to give full play to human capital,accelerating the industrial adjustment in the middle reaches to introduce "boosting" environmental regulation,and increasing the radiation of the center in the lower reaches to help green development with the synergy of multiple factors. |
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