Research On UAV Deployment And Path Planning Method For Emergency Communication

After a disaster occurs,whether it is the command communication between rescuers or the communication between users in the disaster area and the outside world,a timely and reliable communication system is required for protection.However,due to the serious damage to the ground communication facilities in the disaster area,the damage to the road traffic,and the difficulty for emergency communication vehicles to enter,the disaster site needs additional emergency communication means to meet the communication needs in different situations.UAVs are highly mobile and flexible,and can provide line-of-sight communication links for ground user equipment to efficiently respond to the timeliness and reliability requirements of emergency communications.However,due to the complex and changeable terrain of the disaster area and the limited endurance of UAVs,the application of UAVs in emergency communication scenarios still faces three main problems:First,the distribution of ground users in the disaster area is uneven and fluid,resulting in static The deployed UAV base station has poor communication coverage;secondly,in the process of collecting disaster area data for rescue command analysis,due to the large number of and scattered sensors,it is difficult for the UAV to efficiently traverse each sensor,resulting in a long data recovery time;finally,The location of the trapped people in the disaster area varies greatly in space,and the field environment is complex,resulting in poor communication quality when the UAV is delivering emergency content.For the above three problems,this paper proposes and designs three different solutions.First,for emergency communication coverage scenarios,this paper proposes a dynamic UAV deployment scheme based on node flow prediction;secondly,for emergency data collection scenarios,this paper proposes an efficient UAV path planning scheme based on the communication range of ground sensors;finally,for the emergency content distribution scenario,this paper proposes a 3D trajectory design scheme for UAVs based on user space differences and obstacle avoidance mechanism.The following is the specific research content:First,in view of the limited coverage of UAV base stations and the mobility of ground users,this paper designs a dynamic UAV deployment scheme based on traffic prediction in the scenario of multi-UAV communication coverage.Specifically,considering the changes in the flow of people at the ground nodes,this paper predicts the flow of nodes through a graph convolutional neural network that considers time series correlation,and obtains the distribution of user flow at nodes in future time slots,and dynamically deploys UAVs accordingly.The base station,through iterative optimization of the prediction of ground node traffic and the deployment position of UAVs,can improve the communication coverage in the emergency area under the condition of satisfying the safe distance between UAVs,so as to ensure the dynamic change of user distribution in the disaster area.UAV base station emergency network coverage effect.The simulation results show that the scheme proposed in this paper can effectively reduce the problem of communication coverage decline caused by user mobility in the multi-UAV base station scenario.Secondly,considering the limited battery life of UAVs and the inability to collect all sensing data in the disaster area,this paper comprehensively utilizes the location topology and communication range between ground sensors and combines heuristic algorithms to propose an efficient UAV under limited energy constraints.Perception path planning scheme.Specifically,this paper first designs a clustering algorithm to cluster the ground sensors,and aggregates the sensor data in the cluster through the cluster head to reduce the number of required collection nodes.Then,in order to reduce the flight distance of the UAV when traversing the cluster head sensors,this paper proposes a cluster head acquisition sequence planning scheme based on the weight dynamic update particle swarm algorithm.Finally,taking advantage of the fact that the UAV’s flight energy consumption is much greater than the communication energy consumption,this paper further combines the location topology between sensors and the range of perception data back transmission to design a UAV edge hovering path planning algorithm.Displace the flight distance,thereby significantly reducing the flight time required for data collection tasks.The simulation results show that the scheme proposed in this paper can effectively reduce the time for the UAV to collect data when the ground sensors have certain communication capabilities.Finally,considering the complex terrain and terrain of the disaster site,the scattered locations of the trapped people in the mountainous environment,and the requirements for communication reliability in the process of emergency content distribution,this paper proposes a lowenergy consumption UAV flight obstacle avoidance method for mountain disaster areas.The three-dimensional trajectory design scheme,after obtaining the traversal order among multiple users through the particle swarm algorithm,designs the three-dimensional flight trajectory of the UAV.Specifically,in order to deal with the problem of large granularity of map surveying and mapping in mountainous areas,this paper firstly expands the original 3D terrain data through bilinear interpolation method to improve the accuracy of environmental modeling.Then,in order to achieve efficient distribution of emergency information under limited energy constraints and ensure flight safety in complex emergency scenarios such as mountains,this paper proposes a three-dimensional trajectory design scheme for UAV with obstacle avoidance mechanism,which comprehensively considers obstacle avoidance flight and climb flight According to the difference in energy consumption and the distance between the UAV and the ground user,the optimal flight trajectory that complies with the UAV communication constraints is obtained to minimize the flight energy consumption of the UAV during the emergency content delivery process.The simulation results show that the proposed scheme can improve the communication quality between the UAV and the ground user under the premise of controlling the flight energy consumption.