Memory And Symbol:a Study On The Landscape Signs Of Shibati Historical And Cultural Blocks In Chongqing

The International Charter on the Protection and Restoration of Monuments and Sites(Venice Charter 1964),which is a milestone in the international theory of modern heritage architecture protection,clearly points out that "the concept of historical monuments not only includes a single building,but also includes a unique civilization,a meaningful development or an urban or rural environment witnessed by a historical event." The emergence of the concept “historical and cultural block protection” is not only based on the diversity of cultural heritage ontology,but also based on the holistic and living significance of heritage monomer to a multidivisional space.As the "umbilical cord of the mother city",the Eighteen Stairs of Chongqing has always been the most complete mountain streets and alleys preserved locally,so it is regarded as the memory and symbol of folk culture by native people.In 2017,Chongqing Shibati Historical and Cultural District came up with the traditional style transformation program after several plans were reviewed,and the project was completed and opened in July 2021.However,comments from the masses were overwhelmingly negative-the boiling "civilian living place" has become a homogeneous "hot business district".The fundamental goal of the protection of historical and cultural blocks-the authenticity of life,has not been achieved in the transformation of the style and features of Chongqing’s Eighteenth Stairs.Three core protection principles have also been seriously ignored: the principle of least intervention,the principle of identifiability,and the principle of readability.The landscape signs are precisely the condensation of cultural landscape presentation,which is both the carrier of episodic memory and semantic memory for historical and cultural blocks,and also a part of the landscape ontology,an imaginary domain and a complex symbolic system.On the one hand,landscape signs should represent and reflect the cultural heritage,historical buildings and road structures that constitute the cultural diversity of the historic district;on the other hand,they should also show the important content of the immaterial forms that constitute its overall appearance.In addition,the reconstruction of landscape signs is also an attempt to construct a new landscape after the negotiation between cultural heritage and real needs.From the basic theories of "spatial production" and "place construction" in landscape anthropology,the landscape signs are used as the focal point to analyze the landscape changes in the 18 th Terrace historical and cultural district,which is expected to find the cultural characteristics of local self-growth by sorting out the old and new structural landscape systems,and then superimpose the memory and landscape to make them manifest on the bearer of landscape signs,and finally realize the recovery of memory and the manifestation of symbols in the historical and cultural district.