Reconstruction Of Social Order In Water Area:The Study Of The Democratic Reform Movement Of Civilian Ships In Chong Qing In The Early Years Of The New China

“Bourgeois revolutions are usually completed by the seizure of power,for the proletarian revolution,the seizure of power is only the beginning,and the regime is used as a lever to transform the old economy and organize the new economy”.During the early period of the New China,to abolish feudalism and establish democracy,the Communist Party of China,as the governing party,launched a series of democratic reform movements.The democratic reform movement of civilian ships is a front line in water area,taking the feudal forces,systems and customs as the struggle objects,through centralized deployment,advocacy mobilization and organizational integration,broke down feudal oppression and exploitation,established the status of the working people on the water as the master of the country politically and economically,raised their class consciousness and enthusiasm for production,reconstructed social order in water area,and established the power networks in the "sinister lake",where the state power was difficult to deepen for a long time,thus consolidated the foundation of the party’s governance,safeguarded the state power of the people’s democratic dictatorship,and laid the material foundation for the socialist industrialization to be carried out.Focusing on Chongqing,this paper aims to investigate the democratic reform movement of civilian ships in depth from the research perspective of political and social history.In terms of the movement fields,Chong Qing,mainly relying on the natural environment of the Yangtze River,Jialing River and other water systems,is an important port on the upper Yangtze River.As the newly liberated area,Chong Qing’s unique social ecology,including the oppression and exploitation of the heads of the boaters,the reactionary control under the Baojia system and the long shadow of the Pao Ge(a reactionary gang in southwest China)and other secret social organizations,effects the aquatic social relations and social structure,leading it to a state of deformity,therefore,compared with other parts of the country,the democratic reform movement of civilian ships in Chong Qing has a universal deployment and special environment,subject and object,operation process,etc;As far as the beneficiaries of the movement are concerned,China has dense river network and developed inland river shipping,which provides an important weapon for the development of industrial and agricultural production and for the communication of goods and materials between urban and rural areas,in the case of underdeveloped productivity,the working people on the water,mainly including the boatmen,is the major force in the use of this weapon,but they were always suffered from heavy feudal oppression and exploitation for a long time.In the early years of liberation,The activities of production and life of working people on water cannot be transformed from the traditional mode in an instant,they were still dominated by the old authorities and did not enjoy ownership status under the state regime of the people’s democratic dictatorship.The mobilization and organization of the Chinese Communist Party in the movement lead them to "liberate themselves by themselves",by this,the movement gradually realized the shaping of identity,the promotion of consciousness and the stimulation of enthusiasm.As far as the exercisers of the movement are concerned,the movement has multiple meanings,first,there is no doubt that it realized the consolidation of political power through the elimination of feudal and counter-revolutionary forces lurking on the water;second,as working people on water,boatmen are a part of working class,safeguarding their fundamental interests is the embodiment of the class attribute of the Communist Party of China;third,aquatic society has been the end of the tentacles of state power since the ages,the political power was difficult to extend effectively,by the movement,the middlemen between the party and the people were eradicated,which realized the insertion of national power in aquatic society,brought the boatmen into the organization network,realized the organization conformity of function management,and promoted the direct control and effective governance of aquatic society.Thus,the dominant power of aquatic society was reversed,the aquatic social relations were reshaped,the social structure was reorganized,and the social order was reconstructed.In terms of the mode of the movement,the Communist Party of China has strong mobilization and organizational capabilities,after the founding of the People’s Republic of China,the valuable experience,accumulated in the revolutionary years,was applied with greater precision,through deep mobilization and extensive organization,the democratic reform movement of civilian ships played a transitional role that fundamentally replacing the endogenous order with the administrative insertion and gradually promoting the development of inland river transportation,which was in organization system and power network,towards the socialist nature.The frame structure of this paper is:Chapter one,from the perspective of social ecology to reveal the realistic basis for the democratic reform of civilian ships in Chongqing and highlight the complexity of aquatic society and the difficulty of movement development;In order to grasp from the macro and upper horizon,the second Chapter takes the first chapter as the space-time background and makes a policy review of the democratic reform movement of civilian ships;Chapter three and Chapter four make an analysis about "mobilization" and "organization" to reveal the historical details and complex aspects of the movement;the fifth chapter is the theoretical analysis that summarize the basic characteristics,historical experience and realistic enlightenment of the movement,to realize historic and realistic echo,pragmatic and virtual combination.