Research On X-band High-power Microwave TR Switch Technology

High power microwave refers to the electromagnetic wave with frequency between300MHz～300GHZ and peak power exceeding 100 MW.With the development of high-power microwave system to target detection,and other application fields,it is urgent to explore and study a new transceiver switch technology that can meet the requirements of high-power capacity,so as to realize the transceiver isolation of high-power microwave antenna.According to the above requirements,this paper studies two kinds of high-power transceiver switches.The first is a branch transceiver switch based on the principle of resonant line,which has the characteristics of small volume and easy integration.In order to solve the problem of narrow working bandwidth of branch transceiver switch,it is proposed to adjust the central working frequency by changing the length of branch waveguide,A diaphragm waveguide is designed to reduce the insertion loss of the branch transceiver switch.The second kind of transceiver switch is a balanced transceiver switch based on the balanced bridge design,which has the characteristics of wide working frequency band and high isolation.In this paper,the analysis,design,simulation and experimental research of these two kinds of transceiver switches are carried out.The main work of this paper includes the following aspects:1.The plasma microwave discharge characteristics in the transceiver switch are studied,the excitation process and microwave reflection mechanism of the transceiver switch are analyzed,the transceiver switch is simulated in multiple physical fields based on the plasma fluid simulation model,and the excitation time,isolation and threshold voltage of the transceiver switch in the high-power microwave working environment are analyzed.It provides optimization direction and theoretical support for improving the isolation of transceiver switch and reducing response time.2.According to the principle of resonant line,the narrow side double branch transceiver switch is designed and studied.The structure is simple and compact.The designed working frequency point of transceiver switch is 9.4GHz.The insertion loss in transmitting state is less than 0.1d B,the power capacity is more than 200 MW,and the insertion loss in receiving state is 0.3d B.Through electromagnetic field simulation,the optimal reflector position of the branch transceiver switch is analyzed,the working frequency of the branch transceiver switch is adjusted to 10 GHz,and the diaphragm waveguide is designed to match the transceiver switch with the waveguide switch.At the working frequency of 10 GHz,the insertion loss of the branch transceiver switch is less than 0.1d B,and the insertion loss of the receiving state is less than 0.5d B.3.The balanced transceiver switch based on the balanced bridge structure is designed and studied.The width of the bridge crack area is increased through the transition ladder structure to adapt to a single transceiver switch.The insertion loss of the balanced transceiver switch in the transmitting state is less than 0.1d B,the power capacity is greater than 200 MW,and the insertion loss in the receiving state is less than0.5d B at the working frequencies of 9.4GHz and 10 GHz.4.The high-power experimental system and device are designed,and the high-power experimental test is carried out on the branch transceiver switch and balanced transceiver switch: the experimental test power of the transceiver switch is36 mw at the working frequency of 10GHz;The insertion loss of high-power transmission state of branch transceiver switch is 0.1d B,and the isolation is greater than90 d B;The insertion loss of balanced transceiver switch in high-power transmission state is 0.6d B.After limiting output by limiter,the isolation can reach more than 90 d B.