Lightweight And Secure Vehicle Track Verification Via Broadcast Communication Channels

In intelligent transportation systems,smart vehicles need to broadcast real-time vehicle track messages to coordinate driving decisions and ensure driving safety.However,attackers can forge and broadcast false vehicle tracks.This results in serious consequences caused by intelligent vehicles issuing incorrect driving instructions.Therefore,secure vehicle track verification is an important research topic.There are many problems existed in the current vehicle track verification scheme.Firstly,deploying too many specialized hardware equipments will make the manufacturing cost of a car expensive.Secondly,the local clocks of smart cars and verifiers cannot maintain time synchronization.Malicious attackers can modify the timestamps of sending messages and launch attacks of forging timestamps.Furthermore,attackers can modify the scheduled transmission frequency and launch attacks of spoofing carrier signal frequency.In addition,if multiple untrusted verifiers controlled by attackers participate in the verification process,smart cars cannot perform multi-vehicle track verification based on verifiers.In response,the thesis aims to achieve lightweight and secure vehicle track verification via broadcast communication channels.In order to demonstrate the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed method for secure vehicle track verification in the real environment,the thesis designs and implements a system of secure vehicle track verification.The system design is divided into two aspects:hardware design and communication protocol design and implementation.In the hardware design,appropriate target vehicles,verifiers,and related communication modules are selected and designed.The communication protocol design and implementation part involves collecting sensor data,broadcasting and receiving vehicle track messages,thereby facilitating communication between the target vehicle and the verifiers.Finally,the designed system is validated using various testing methods.To address the problems of high hardware costs and asynchronous time,a lightweight vehicle track verification scheme is proposed,which utilizes the broadcast communication channel timestamps to achieve secure verification of vehicle tracks without any special hardware.Without time synchronization,each verifier calculates the time interval between the message reception time and the sending timestamp.It formulates spatial position constraints by combining the time intervals between any two verifiers to defend against timestamp forgery attacks.Each verifier also calculates the Doppler frequency shift between the arrival frequency and the scheduled transmit frequency.It formulates velocity vector constraints by combining the frequency shifts between any two verifiers to defend against carrier frequency manipulation attacks.Formal analysis shows that increasing the number of verifiers can improve the accuracy of the proposed verification scheme.The proposed solution was finally implemented and validated in the system of secure vehicle track verification.To address the issue of limited verifiers in remote areas,the thesis proposes a single vehicle track verification method based on frequency offset measurement of broadcast communication channels.Reflectors help smart cars to receive signals on multiple paths and extract the physical characteristics of multipath signals.This method utilizes the signal arrival angle and frequency to establish the vehicle’s location area and probabilistically infers the position and direction of the signal reflection point.It also eliminates unknown carrier frequencies based on the method of frequency difference of signal arrival frequencies to verify the vehicle’s position and speed.This achieves the effect of verifying the track of a vehicle with a single verifier and achieves resistance against carrier frequency manipulation attack.The proposed solution was finally implemented and validated in the system of secure vehicle track verification.To address the issue of untrusted verifiers participating in the verification process,the thesis proposes a collaborative multi-vehicle track verification method.This method utilizes mutual observation among vehicles during the observation process to design algorithms that defend against continuous track attacks,continuous and sparse random attacks,targeting different types of attacks.It also uses Kalman filtering to filter out false vehicle track and identify untrusted verifiers to achieve secure verification of multiple vehicle tracks.The proposed solution was finally implemented and validated in the system of secure vehicle track verification.