| Xunhua Salar Autonomous County(hereinafter referred to as Xunhua County)is located in the Yellow River Valley in the eastern part of Qinghai Province.It is the birthplace of the Salar nationality in China and a multi-ethnic settlement area in history.Its diversified geomorphic pattern,twists and turns of social changes,extensive and profound ethnic exchanges and simple and simple religious beliefs determine that the characteristics of the traditional settlement cultural landscape in Xunhua County are different from those in other regions.Traditional settlements in Xunhua County are the carrier of local excellent traditional national culture.In the process of exchange and collision of Han,Salar,Tibetan,Mongolian,Hui,Tu and other ethnic cultures,the landscape pattern of settlements fully reflects the cultural connotation of natural landscape view,settlement construction thought,national culture and religious belief.Under the background of rural revitalization in the new era and persisting in inheriting and developing excellent traditional Chinese culture,the protection of traditional settlement cultural landscape in Xunhua County is not limited to the protection of material elements of a single settlement or landscape,but pays more attention to the protection and continuation of the historical context and cultural value behind it,and protects the traditional settlement cultural landscape pattern in Xunhua from the perspective of regional overall protection.Based on the discipline characteristics of urban planning,this paper takes multi-disciplinary theories such as man-land relationship theory,map-ground relationship theory and cultural anthropology theory as theoretical research basis,takes traditional settlement cultural landscape of Xunhua County as research object,and systematically constructs the research framework of rural settlement cultural landscape,namely the first and second chapters of this paper.The third chapter analyzes the background of Salar settlements from the physical geographical background and historical and cultural background of Xunhua County,and uses GIS spatial analysis technology to conduct spatial analysis of 35 national traditional villages in Xunhua County,and qualitatively and quantitatively describe the spatial distribution characteristics of traditional Salar settlements in Xunhua County from a macro perspective.In Chapter four,six typical Salar traditional settlements are selected for sample analysis from three dimensions of "landscape,settlement and settlement".Landscape scale is analyzed from the perspective of landscape space environmental factors,production factors of settlements,construction wisdom and landscape pattern types.Settlement scale focuses on four aspects: settlement space form,road space layout,street texture and public space structure and organization mode.The scale of settlement mainly focuses on the plan organization form of courtyards,facade form,plan organization of dwellings and construction material composition.The fifth chapter,from the perspective of cultural anthropology,excavates the aesthetic characteristics and life interest of the Salar settlement residents,and summarizes the internal logic of the formation of the settlement cultural landscape in the three pairs of categories of "man-land,man-man,man-spirit culture",and deduce the regional and national generation mechanism of the traditional Salar settlement cultural landscape.The sixth chapter,based on the stability of cultural ecosystem and the overall protection of settlement pattern,puts forward the corresponding principles and strategies for the protection and development of Salar traditional settlement,and provides theoretical basis and technical support for the centralized contiguity protection and utilization project of traditional villages in Xunhua County.The results of the study include the following four aspects:(1)The distribution of traditional Salar settlements is characterized by low altitude,small slope value and hydrophilic orientation,and the overall pattern continues the historical pattern of Salar "work".The settlement shows strong centrality with the mosque as the core,and the level of mosque restricts the size of settlement.(2)The cultural landscape of Salar traditional settlements has the characteristics of multi-layer nested structure.The natural landscape pattern of Salar settlements can be divided into four types: river valley slope type,foothills gentle slope type,shallow mountain platform type and valley flat type.The production factors of settlements are mainly farmland,woodland and pasture.In terms of settlement scale,the Salar settlements are influenced by the traditional "Agnay-Kongmusan" geographical relationship,forming the structural characteristics of "upper village-lower village connected".The settlement forms are mainly banded,network,fan-shaped and cluster.In the scale of settlement,the traditional settlement dwellings of Salah nationality are dominated by "L" shaped,"concave" shaped,"mouth" shaped and "one" shaped village courtyards,and form the characteristic residential types of fence buildings.(3)The formation of traditional Salar settlement cultural landscape is not only influenced by natural environment,social and historical factors,but also the external expression of local villagers’ aesthetic taste,which is embodied in the natural ecological view of original beauty,the view of harmony in accordance with local conditions,the view of traditional Chinese culture of orthodox beauty and the view of pure and simple idyllic view of peaceful beauty.(4)The cultural landscapes at different levels of Salah traditional settlements in Xunhua County are influenced by "man-land,man-man,man-spirit culture".The completion of the cultural landscape is the result of the joint action of nature,society and spiritual worship,which is essentially a complex process of interweaving "self-organization" and "other organization". |
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