Research On Wind Speed Sensing Technology Of UAV Based On Triboelectric Nanogenerator

In recent years,with the rapid development of intelligent sensor and advanced manufacturing technologies,intelligent devices such as unmanned aerial vehicle（UAV）have been able to improve their ability to operate in extreme conditions or complex environments.Accordingly,during the operation of UAV,data information from the external environment needs to be collected through various sensors and subsequently analyzed in detail to meet the requirements.Wind speed is one of the important parameters to measure the operating status of UAV.At present,the method of UAV is generally to obtain the azimuth and other angular parameters through the flight control system,which calculates the air resistance and gets wind speed.This method has limitations such as low accuracy and it lacks universality for different types of UAVs.In addition,the wind speed sensor needs to rely on external power supply,which further limits the structural design of UAV.Based on the importance of sensor,this paper proposes an arc-shaped flutter-driven wind speed sensor based on triboelectric nanogenerator（AW-TENG）.The main research contents are as follows:（1）Based on the operating principle of TENG,the contact-separated mode was selected as the theoretical foundation.The Karman vortex street theory was used as the theoretical basis for the flutter-driven sensor.Then the equations for the disturbance force generated by the wind field were derived,and the wavelet transform theory was used as the method of sensor data processing.（2）The arc structure design of AW-TENG was carried out.The material selection,the overall parameter design and the analysis of the sensing working process were carried out according to the theory related to TENG.The charge simulation of AW-TENG was performed using COMSOL software to demonstrate the presence of potential changes during its operation.（3）The sensor experiments related to AW-TENG were carried out.The three influencing factors of plate spacing,radian and radian direction were investigated,and the optimal structure parameters of AW-TENG were selected as:the plate spacing is 4mm and the aspect ratio of the arc is 1:15.The arc direction will be adjusted according to the actual application of UAV.The performance of the optimal structure was verified:the voltage frequency that AW-TENG can reach in the wind speed range of 6-20 m/s is50-200 Hz,the sensitivity is 9.88 Hz·s/m and the goodness of fit R²=0.998.Meanwhile,the voltage range that AW-TENG can reach is about 30-55 V,the generated current range is about 8-28μA.Subsequently,environmental adaptation experiments were conducted.The results show that AW-TENG maintains the stability under different input modes,different temperature and humidity.（4）The simulation of the anti-disturbance control based on AW-TENG was carried out.It proves that when the modified sliding mode controller（SMC）encounters sudden wind disturbance,the maximum displacement error is less than 5×10^-3 m and the adjustment time is less than 0.5 s.Meanwhile,compared with the conventional SMC,the steady-state displacement error is reduced by about 2%,which meets the relevant control requirements.（5）Finally,the sensing and wireless transmission functions of AW-TENG were verified in a practical application of UAV.When the UAV is in the wind field environment,AW-TENG can read the wind speed value and transmit it to the ground station through the wireless data transmission system.Comparing the performance of the commercial wind speed sensor and AW-TENG under the stable wind speed conditions of 8 m/s,11 m/s and 14 m/s,both of them match with the actual wind speed.The research results prove that AW-TENG meets the wind speed sensing requirements and provides strong support for practical engineering operations of UAV in the future.