Strategic Active And Reactive Power Bidding Of Integrated Community Energy Systems In Day-Ahead Distribution Electricity Market

In the face of the serious challenges posed by climate change and energy depletion,“dual carbon targets” have become hot topics worldwide.Integrated Community Energy Systems(ICESs),as an efficient,clean,and intelligent energy integration model,equipped with the Combined Cooling,Heating,and Power(CCHP)device,can achieve efficient energy utilization by optimizing the internal supply and demand relationship,have become one of the important ways to help achieve the “dual carbon targets”.With the deepening of electricity market reform,the distribution electricity market,as one of the market forms that ICESs may have access to,is playing an increasingly significant role in the development of ICESs technology and the enhancement of economic benefits.Although scholars have conducted research on the optimization scheduling and corresponding market transaction mechanism design of ICESs,there are still shortcomings in the consideration of the role transformation and bargaining power of ICESs in the distribution electricity market in existing research.Moreover,it has not been clearly demonstrated how ICESs should conduct active-reactive power bidding in the deregulated distribution electricity market to maximize their revenue.The main research contents of this paper are as follows:(1)Fully exploring the energy flow coupling and multi-energy complementary relationship of cooling,heating,and power in the CCHP-dominated ICESs,a detailed mathematical model of CCHP co-generation equipment configured within ICESs is established.Furthermore,the bidirectional energy-information interaction between the CCHP-dominated ICESs operating in a grid-connected state and its superior distribution network is considered,forming the coupled distribution network operation architecture and model of ICESs.(2)A day-ahead distribution electricity market clearing model considering ICESs participation is proposed to minimize the total operating cost of the distribution network,and second-order cone convex optimization technology is introduced to transform the original model into a convex optimization problem for efficient calculation.By comprehensively considering the active and reactive power support capacity of distributed power sources in CCHP-dominated ICESs,the synergistic optimization of cold,heat,and power flows within ICESs is guided by market price signals,improving the flexibility and economy of the system operation and effectively reducing the power loss of the distribution network.(3)From the perspective of the Integrated Community Energy System Operator(ICESO),a strategic bidding model for active-reactive power in the day-ahead distribution electricity market is proposed.A new transaction mechanism is proposed for the interaction of active and reactive power between ICESO and Distribution System Operator(DSO),and the Distribution Locational Marginal Price(DLMP)of active and reactive power at the distribution nodes are introduced as the market settlement to clear the strategic bidding behavior of ICESO.A two-layer model is used to mathematically model the trading relationship between ICESO and DSO.The upper layer describes ICESO’s strategic bidding model for active and reactive power,considering the optimal scheduling of internal flexible equipment and inverter-based distributed power sources.The lower layer describes the active-reactive power clearing problem in the day-ahead distribution electricity market.Furthermore,using Karush-Kuhn-Tucker(KKT)conditions,the Big-M method,and the dual theory,the two-layer model is transformed from a Mathematical Programming with Equilibrium Constraints(MPEC)model into a single-layer Mixed-Integer Second Order Cone Programming(MISOCP)model for efficient computation and solution.The feasibility of ICESO’s bargaining power and its potential impact on the distribution market clearing price is demonstrated through case analysis,and the economic effectiveness of the proposed method is verified.