Design And Performance Study Of Ultra-Thin Perovskite Solar Cells

Perovskite materials have the advantages of adjustable band gap,high absorption coefficient,adjustable diffusion length and low processing cost,and have become a new star in the field of photovoltaic materials.Due to the different degrees of loss in the battery,how to reduce the battery loss and improve the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the battery has become one of the focuses of researchers.In order to improve the energy conversion efficiency of perovskite solar cells,three ultra-thin perovskite solar cells are designed.The time-domain finite difference method and finite element method were used to simulate the designed cells,and the photoelectric characteristics of three perovskite solar cells with different structures were studied and analyzed.The main research contents of this paper are as follows:（1）We design a perovskite solar cell based on Al₂O₃pyramid anti-reflective structure,which can reduce the optical loss of perovskite solar cells by using the anti-reflection principle,and study the influence of different Al₂O₃pyramid parameters on the photoelectric performance of the designed battery.The photoelectric performance of perovskite solar cells with and without Al₂O₃pyramid anti-reflective structure was compared,and the results showed that the Al₂O₃pyramid anti-reflection structure could effectively reduce the reflectivity of the cell and improve the light absorption of the battery.The average absorption rate of the designed cell in the wavelength range of 300 nm to 800 nm reached 96.05%,and the average quantum efficiency reached 68.51%,and the strength distribution of the Al₂O₃pyramid anti-reflective structure was further analyzed.The perovskite solar cell based on the Al₂O₃pyramid anti-reflective structure has an overall thickness of 1400 nm,a maximum short-circuit current density of 23.54 m A/cm²,and an efficiency of 17.19%,which is 3.18%higher than that of planar perovskite solar cells without Al₂O₃pyramid anti-reflective structure.（2）Starting from the light-trapping effect and improving the electron transmission capacity of the battery,we propose a composite inverted pyramid array high-efficiency perovskite solar cell based on the light-trapping effect,which can further reduce the optical loss and electrical loss in perovskite solar cells.By etching the inverted pyramid trapping structure on the FTO layer,the absorption of light by perovskite solar cells is improved,so as to improve the photoelectric performance of the cell;The inverted pyramid structure of Ti O₂is introduced under the electron transport layer Ti O₂,so that the contact interface between the optical absorption layer CH₃NH₃Pb I₃and the electron transport layer changes,the contact area is increased,and the electron transport capacity is improved.The photoelectric characteristics of batteries under planar type,only Ti O₂inverted pyramid structure,FTO etching inverted pyramid structure and two inverted pyramid structures at the same time were compared.We found that the photoelectric performance of the battery was the best when there were both inverted pyramid structures,the maximum short-circuit current density of the battery was 23.81 m A/cm²,the efficiency PCE=19.72%,and the overall thickness of the cell was 1200 nm.（3）In order to obtain thinner and more efficient perovskite solar cells,we designed and studied an ultra-thin inverted perovskite solar cell based on the microstructure of the active layer of MAPb I₃.On the basis of planar inverted perovskite solar cells,the MAPb I₃cylindrical structure was combined with PEDOT:PSS to study the influence of different MAPb I₃cylindrical geometric parameters on the designed cell.By adjusting the geometric parameters of the MAPb I₃cylindrical structure,we can dynamically adjust the photoelectric performance of the battery.In addition,the MAPb I₃cylindrical structure increases the junction area,reduces the hole transport distance,and reduces the probability of electron-hole pair recombination.The photoelectric performance of the battery under planar type,with MAPb I₃cylindrical structure and converting the MAPb I₃cylindrical structure into the same volume planar layer was compared.In addition,the light absorption of perovskite solar cells with MAPb I₃cylindrical structure under different TE and TM polarization states was also studied.The designed ultra-thin inverted perovskite solar cell based on the MAPb I₃active layer microstructure has an overall thickness of 1100 nm,a maximum short-circuit current density of 24.50 m A/cm²,and an efficiency of 21.09%,which is thinner and more efficient than the previously designed battery.Our work provides new ideas for the structural design of subsequent high-performance perovskite solar cells.