Preparation And Hydrogen Evolution Inhibitors Of Lead-carbon Battery

The rapid development of society has put forward stricter requirements for new energy vehicles.In order to meet the needs of people traveling,batteries as automotive energy storage devices need further research and improvement.Traditional lead-acid batteries play an important role in the development of energy storage devices due to their low cost,stable performance,and high safety.However,under high-rate partial state of charge（HRPSo C）,during the charging and discharging of the negative electrode,Pb SO₄continues to grow,forming a dense Pb SO₄layer on the surface of the negative electrode,resulting in a reduced cycle life of the battery,which is difficult to meet the requirements of social development.Lead carbon batteries utilize high specific surface area and porous carbon materials to provide more interfaces for the negative electrode reaction of the battery,which can slow down the sulfation problem and improve battery life.Based on lead-acid batteries,lead-carbon batteries have achieved a further improvement in energy density and cycle life,but carbon materials can cause accelerated hydrogen evolution from the negative electrode.Therefore,inhibiting hydrogen evolution from the negative electrode of lead-carbon batteries has become one of the important directions in the development of lead-carbon batteries.In this paper,major research has been conducted in the direction of inhibiting hydrogen evolution from the negative electrode of lead-carbon batteries,exploring the effects of heteroatom containing carbon materials and bimetallic hydrogen evolution inhibitors on the hydrogen evolution reaction of the negative electrode and the performance of the cycle performance of lead-carbon batteries containing various additives.The specific research contents are as follows:1.Nitrogen-containing polyaniline carbon materials（PANI-C）with three-dimensional structure were prepared from polyaniline by high-temperature carbonization.The nitrogen-containing PANI-C material has a certain inhibitory effect on the hydrogen evolution reaction of the battery negative electrode.Compared with the AC electrode with the same addition amount,the hydrogen evolution current of the PANI-C electrode is reduced by 20%.Battery performance tests were conducted on PANI-C batteries with different additions.The results show that the addition of PANI-C can effectively improve battery magnification performance and battery cycle life at HRPSo C.The battery pack with 1.0%PANI-C has the highest battery cycle life,reaching 4806 cycles,2.56 times the battery life of the blank pack.The main reason for improving battery performance is that the three-dimensional pores of PANI-C can provide a way for the electrolyte to transport to the interior of the battery,hinder the growth of Pb SO₄crystal branches,reduce the aggregation of irreversible Pb SO₄crystals,and inhibit the sulfation of the negative electrode of the battery.However,the nitrogen on the surface of PANI-C can reduce the hydrogen evolution reaction on the surface of carbon materials,further improving the beneficial effect of carbon materials.2.Zinc bismuthate,a hydrogen evolution inhibitor containing bismuth and zinc,was prepared by hydrothermal method.Based on the negative electrode containing carbon material（AC）,zinc bismuthate material was added to the negative electrode lead-paste to study the effect of zinc bismuthate on inhibiting hydrogen evolution of the negative electrode and its impact on the rate performance and cycle life of the battery.The results showed that the zinc bismuthate electrode plate can effectively reduce the hydrogen evolution current of the electrode,and when the amount of zinc bismuthate added is 2.0%,the effect of inhibiting the hydrogen evolution reaction of the electrode is the best,and the hydrogen evolution current is only 29.0%of that of the AC electrode.Adding zinc bismuthate to the negative electrode of lead carbon batteries can significantly improve the battery’s charging and discharging performance and cycle life.Among them,the cycle life of lead-carbon batteries with 2.0%zinc bismuthate reached 8699 cycles,2.32 times that of lead-carbon batteries（containing AC only）,and 3.89 times that of lead-acid batteries（without additives）.In addition,this paper also studied the inhibitory effects of Zn O,Bi₂O₃,and zinc bismuthate on the hydrogen evolution reaction of the electrode plate at the same addition amount.The zinc bismuthate electrode exhibited the best inhibitory effect on hydrogen evolution,possibly due to the synergistic effect of bismuth and zinc.During the battery reaction process,the conversion of Zn²⁺/Zn was superior to the conversion of H⁺/H₂,resulting in a delayed hydrogen evolution reaction and achieving inhibition of hydrogen evolution;Bismuth helps to accelerate the recombination rate of oxygen at the negative electrode,thereby inhibiting the hydrogen evolution reaction.