| There are 166 lakes and 18 lake parks in Wuhan city.Lake parks are representative blue-green spaces that play a key role in supporting urban ecology and social sustainability.The phenological characteristics of plants have significant ornamental value and are the basis for the dynamic changes in plant landscapes.This study aims to explore the impact of landscape elements such as phenological characteristics on the aesthetic quality of plant landscapes in Wuhan lake parks,optimize plant landscapes,and meet the needs of citizens.The study focused on 40 plant communities in four lake parks in Wuhan,conducting72 community surveys,phenological observations,and photo collections for each community over one year.200 evaluators rated the scenic beauty of 480 plant landscape photos.A landscape element system of five categories and 27 landscape factors was constructed,and scenic beauty evaluation models were established for each season.The impact of landscape elements on scenic beauty was analyzed,and strategies for optimizing plant landscape scenic beauty were proposed.The results are as follows:(1)The composition and structure of plant communities in Wuhan lake parks are rich and stable.The plant community includes 96 species from 51 families and 76 genera,including 34 trees,24 shrubs,and 38 herbs.The horizontal structure is mainly mixed and multilayered.The phenology of plants has seasonal characteristics,with the first to sixth phenological phase in late winter,accounting for 1.96%,mainly budburst;the seventh to eighteenth phenological phase in spring,accounting for 43.59%,mainly budburst,leaf expansion,and flowering;the nineteenth to forty-eighth phenological phase in summer,accounting for 22.24%,mainly flowering and fruiting;the forty-ninth to sixtieth phenological phase in autumn,accounting for 23.31%,mainly fruiting,leaf color change,and leaf fall;and the sixty-first to seventy-second phenological phase in winter,accounting for 8.90%,mainly leaf color change and leaf fall.(2)The scenic beauty evaluation value of the plant landscape plant landscapes in Wuhan lake parks varies among communities and seasons.Using the equal frequency division method,the scenic beauty evaluation value was divided into four levels,I,II,III,and IV,from high to low.The scenic beauty evaluation values of the plant landscape are divided into four levels from high to low.One plant community has an average annual scenic beauty evaluation value of level I;seven are level II,and twelve are level III.Among the seasons,the scenic beauty evaluation value is highest in summer,followed by spring and autumn,and lowest in winter.(3)The scenic beauty evaluation value is influenced by the landscape element system.The influence of landscape elements on the scenic beauty evaluation value is ranked from high to low as follows: phenological characteristics(61.45%),spatial structure(24.44%),natural environment(5.9%),appearance form(4.7%),and numerical composition(3.51%).The main influencing factors of scenic beauty evaluation value in each season are different: in spring,the scenic beauty evaluation value is positively proportional to the leaf area ratio and flower area ratio;in summer,the scenic beauty evaluation value is positively proportional to leaf area ratio;in autumn,the scenic beauty evaluation value is inversely proportional to sky area ratio,fruit area ratio,and branch area ratio;in winter,the scenic beauty evaluation value is positively proportional to colored leaf area ratio.(4)Based on the scenic beauty evaluation and its influencing mechanism,principles for optimizing beauty and strategies for optimizing plant community classification are proposed.For year-round viewing communities,colorful leaf plants with rich vertical structures should be added.For spring and summer viewing communities,similar treeshaped evergreen shrubs should be added.For summer viewing and summer highlight communities,plants with leaf expansion,flowering and leaf color change should be added. |
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