| Rattan is a plant resource with important economic value and development prospects.Rattan stem is an important non-timber forest product after wood and bamboo,but rattan species with commercial value are decreasing.Based on the important commercial value of rattan resources and the increasingly acute facts of supply and demand of rattan.The performance analysis,modification treatment and comprehensive utilization of rattan should be strengthened to provide a theoretical basis for the scientific protection and efficient use.The characteristics of fiber morphology and physical mechanics were studied with Calamus faberii Becc.and Calamus balansaeanus Becc.as research objects.Methyl methacrylate(MMA),furfuryl alcohol resin and tin-bismuth-cadmium-lead alloy were used as modifiers to study the material enhancement of C.faberii by vacuum impregnation method.The physical and mechanical properties of the modified materials were comprehensively evaluated by orthogonal test,and the conductivity,flammability and corrosion resistance of the materials were tested.The main conclusions are as follows:(1)Compared with C.balansaeanus,C.faberii has a higher fiber length,diameter and double wall thickness,and the fiber cavity diameter is lower.The fiber length of C.faberii and C.balansaeanus are 1885.78um and 1528.94um respectively.Both of them are declining gradually from outside to inside in radial direction.The average fiber diameter of C.balansaeanus,C.faberii were 16.62um and 14.54um,respectively,and the average double wall thickness were 11.08um and 7.83um,respectively.The fiber diameter and the double wall thickness of C.faberii are significantly different in radial direction,as well as the fiber length of C.balansaeanus.(2)The air-dry density,oven-dry density,basic density of C.faberii and C.balansaeanus are 0.651 g·cm-3 and 0.453 g·cm-3,0.642g·cm-3 and 0.419 g·cm-3,0.498 g·cm-3 and 0.370 g·cm-3,respectively.The three densities of C.faberii are higher than C.balansaeanus.Axial air-dry shrinkage ratio,area air-dry shrinkage ratio,volume air-dry shrinkage ratio C.faberii and C.balansaeanus are 0.341%and 0.390%,4.305%and 7.608%,4.627%and 7.931%,respectively.Axial oven-dry shrinkage ratio,area oven-dry shrinkage ratio,volume oven-dry shrinkage ratio of C.faberii and C.balansaeanus are 0.954%and 1.041%,8.997%and 10.102%,10.004%and 10.995%,respectively.The shrinkage of C.faberii is lower.Bending strength,bending elastic modulus,compressive strength of C.faberii and C.balansaeanus are 89.30MPa and 118.77MPa,2958.79MPa and 3725.53MPa,48.58MPa and 29.05MPa,respectively.Shear strength of C.faberii is 10.97MPa.C.faberii has better bending resistance and compression resistance.In general,C.faberii has good physical and mechanical properties and is one of the most potential rattan species that have not yet been commercially exploited.(3)The layering method and the semi-division method show that the tensile strength and tensile modulus of C.faberii cortex are higher than that of the core.Among the three sample preparation methods,the tensile strength measured by the semi-separation method is higher than that of the layered method because of the relatively complete retention of the cortex.Taking the tensile modulus of elasticity as a reference,the layering method and the radiation method cause the loss of rattan cortex to varying degrees,resulting in tensile strength measured by the semi-separation method is closer to the actual strength.(4)Through orthogonal experiments,the best process for determining the modified reagent is tin-bismuth-cadmium-lead alloy,the impregnation amount is 195%,the treatment temperature is 90℃,and the treatment time is 2h.The bending strength of the modified material is 181.17MPa,increased by 102%;the flexural modulus is 4347.69MPa,increased by 46%;the compressive strength is 77.83MPa,increased by 60%;the shear strength is 12.31MPa,increased by 12%;the basic density is 1.612 g·cm-3,increased by 222%and the volume oven-dry shrinkage ratio is 7.298%,decreased by 27%.The physical and mechanical properties of the modified rattan were significantly improved.(5)The unmodified rattan resistance tested was infinite,and the average conductivity of the modified rattan is 0.904S/m.The rattan has good conductivity after being impregnated with the alloy.The LOI of unmodified rattan and modified rattan were 27.7%and 29.9%,respectively,which all reached non-flammability grade.And modified rattan had a molten dripping phenomenon during the combustion process,which increased the risk of fire.The weight loss rate of unmodified rattan and modified rattan after being infested with wood rot fungi was 36.9%and 11.9%,respectively.The corrosion resistance grade of the modified material was increased from Ⅲ to Ⅱ.After excluding the quality of the alloy part of the modified material,the loss mass is 39.8%of the rattan part,and the tin-bismuth-cadmium-lead alloy can not effectively resist the erosion of wood rot fungi. |
PDF Full Text Request