Effects Of Different Planting Patterns Of Grass On Arthropod Community In Peach Orchards

At present,in the production of peaches in China,spraying chemical agents is the main method for controlling pests.Extensive use of chemical agents leads to increased resistance to pests and damage to ecological environment.As a modern orchard management mode,planting grass in orchards can increase the biological diversity of peach orchards,help to play the role of natural enemies,and reduce the amount of chemical pesticides.This is an effective way to solve the excessive use of pesticides in peach production in China.This research chose Vicia villosa as artificial grass species,and systematically investigated the number of pests and natural enemies and the diversity of arthropod communities in peach orchards with different grassy patterns.In addition,it provides a basis for planting grass in peach orchards and protecting and using natural predators.The findings are as follows:1.Diversity of arthropod communities in peach orchards with different grassy patternsThrough a year-round survey on the diversity of arthropod communities in three peach orchards with different grassy patterns,a total of 110 arthropods,63 families,and 110 species were investigated,and the number of species showed as peach orchard with artificial grass >peach orchard with natural grass > peach orchard without grass.The diversity of arthropods and natural enemies is also peach orchard with artificial grass > peach orchard with natural grass > peach orchard without grass.And the diversity of arthropods and natural enemies in grass was higher than that in trees.It shows that planting grass in peach orchard is of great significance to protect the diversity of arthropod communities,at the same time,it can increase the diversity of natural enemies.2.Occurrence dynamics of major pests and natural enemies in peach orchards with different grassy patternsThrough a year-round survey on the diversity of arthropod communities in three peach orchards with different grassy patterns,the results showed that the number of aphids and leafhoppers in grassless peach orchard was significantly higher than that in the grassy peach orchard;the number of 3 pests in the grassy peach orchards was higher,but the differences were not significant;except for spiders,the numbers of other natural enemies in peach orchard showed as peach orchard with artificial grass > peach orchard with natural grass >peach orchard without grass,indicating that planting grass in peach orchard is conducive to the protection and breeding of natural enemies.3.Temporal niche of major pests and natural enemies in peach orchards with different grassy patternsBy studying the temporal niche relationship between the pests and natural enemies of three peach orchards with different grassy patterns,the niche width value of natural enemy in the peach tree is ladybird beetles > green lacewings,peach orchard with artificial grass >peach orchard with natural grass > peach orchard without grass,and pests are leafhoppers>aphids,natural enemies in peach orchard grass have the highest niche width of ladybugs,the pest is leafhopper > aphids,the natural enemies in peach orchards with grass have the highest niche breadth value;the niche overlap and similarity between the pests and natural enemies are peach orchard without grass > peach orchard with artificial grass > peach orchard with natural grass.It shows that planting grass in peach orchard can effectively weaken the relationship between natural enemies and pests,and that ladybird beetles are more suitable for the ecological environment of peach orchard.4.Occurrence of pests and natural enemies in peach orchards with different management conditionsBy studying the occurrence of major pests and natural enemies in the later stages of peach orchard,the results showed that compared with grassless peach orchard,the pests in the grassy peach orchard was significantly less harmful,and the number of natural enemies was larger;the number of pests in peach orchards with low-toxic pesticides was less than that in peach orchards frequent spraying of broad-spectrum pesticides,and the number of natural enemies increased significantly;the ratio of natural enemies to pests of peach orchards with interplanting grass and with low-toxic pesticides was significantly higher,and the ratio of other orchards is at a high level(higher than 1:21),except for the ratio of the peach orchard in Qufu Dongling village,which is as low as 1:104.6.This shows that interplanting grass in the peach orchard and with low-toxic pesticides can effectively control the occurrence of pests in the late period of peach orchards and increase the number of overwintering natural enemies.