Systematics Of The Genus Hypsicera (Hymenoptera:Ichneumonidae) From China

Hypsicera is a worldwide distributed genus of subfamily Metopiinae(Hymenoptera,Ichneumonidae),consisted of 63 known species,with 14 species were recognized from China.Species of Hypsicera are all koinobiont,larva-pupal endoparasitoids of Lepidoptera.It plays an important role in the natural control of insect pests in agriculture and forestry.However,species of this genus is not yet comprehensively studied from China,and they are difficult to identify due to their similar morphological characters.In this study,Hypsicera were revised collected from different provinces of China based on morphological and molecular data.The COI gene(cytochrome oxidase subunit I)of 185 Hypsicera specimens were sequenced and a total of 358 sequences were generated.All the sequences were analyzed by using species delimitation method ABGD(Automatic Barcode Gap Discovery).Phylogenetic trees were inferred by using different methods including Neighbor-Joining(NJ),Maximum Likelihood(ML)and Bayesian inference(BI).Based on morphological characters and molecular data,a total of 50 species are recognized,including 35 new species and 4 newly recorded species from China.All species were described and illustrated,and a key to species of Hypsicera from China was also provided.The results are as follows:New species: Hypsicera chinensis sp.n.,Hypsicera longipetiolata sp.n.,Hypsicera glabifacies sp.n.,Hypsicera flavifacies sp.n.,Hypsicera foveata sp.n.,Hypsicera plata sp.n.,Hypsicera foveaifacies sp.n.,Hypsicera aliena sp.n.,Hypsicera bicarina sp.n.,Hypsicera longiflagella sp.n.,Hypsicera breviantenna sp.n.,Hypsicera yunnanensis sp.n.,Hypsicera xui sp.n.,Hypsicera brevitarsa sp.n.,Hypsicera menghaiensis sp.n.,Hypsicera maguanensis sp.n.,Hypsicera glabivertexa sp.n.,Hypsicera longisulca sp.n.,Hypsicera sinensis sp.n.,Hypsicera punctirugosa sp.n.,Hypsicera microrugosa sp.n.,Hypsicera bulangensis sp.n.,Hypsicera longa sp.n.,Hypsicera tonglingensis sp.n.,Hypsicera cheni sp.n.,Hypsicera sichuanensis sp.n.,Hypsicera micropuncta sp.n.,Hypsicera longipilosa sp.n.,Hypsicera flavipes sp.n.,Hypsicera brevipes sp.n.,Hypsicera fuscitarsa sp.n.,Hypsicera hirsuta sp.n.,Hypsicera brevitergites sp.n.,Hypsicera giganteiocellusa sp.n.,and Hypsicera guangdongensis sp.n.New records for China:Hypsicera orientalis Tolkanitz,1995,Hypsicera postfurcalis Kusigemati,1971,Hypsicera yoshimotoi Momoi & Kusigemati,1970,and Hypsicera intermedia Momoi & Kusigemati,1970.