| Forests are an important part of terrestrial ecosystems and play an important role in regulating climate,conserving water,and conserving soil and water.The bio-richness index and vegetation cover index of forest ecosystems are also often used as key indicators to characterize the quality of regional ecological environments,and at the same time,they also have great value for regional socio-economic activities.In Vietnam,national parks are recognized by the relevant legal and government-recognized names,which are effective management measures to enhance biodiversity in Vietnam,and Kikukata National Park was established in 1966 as the first national park established in Vietnam,and its main protection objects are the integrity of forest ecosystems,karst ecosystems and wild animal and plant genetic resources.Jufang National Park has always received attention and strong funding from international organizations and the Vietnamese government,and has achieved certain results in ecological environmental protection.However,since Vietnam,as an economic developing country,has a greater demand for the development of natural resources by local residents in the protected area under the pressure of livelihood,the monitoring of forest resources in Jufang National Park is an issue that needs to be paid close attention to in the ecological environmental protection and sustainable development of the region.At present,scholars at home and abroad have a large number of studies on the changes in ecological environment quality and their driving factors,but there are few studies on the impact of socio-economic data combined with regional livelihoods.The analysis of the temporal and spatial changes of forest cover and natural-social drivers in Kikukata National Park is of great significance for revealing the changes in the ecological status of the protected area,and provides a theoretical basis for the formulation and adjustment of its subsequent management plan.Therefore,based on the remote sensing image data of Kikukata National Park in 1990,2000,2010 and 2020,and using Arc GIS and ENVI to draw vegetation cover maps from 1990 to 2020,this study analyzes the temporal and spatial changes of forest cover in Kikukata National Park.Combining socio-economic survey data,livelihood analysis method DFI(Department for International Development,hereinafter referred to as DFID)and SWOT analysis method,the sustainability of livelihood activities and tourism development status of residents in the buffer zone of Kikukata National Park was evaluated,and the drivers of forest cover change were analyzed to explore solutions for sustainable conservation in Kikukata National Park.The findings suggest:(1)Between 1990 and 2020,the vegetation cover of Kikukata National Park showed an increasing trend,of which the area of natural forests increased most significantly.Between 1990 and 2000,a significant increase in the area adjacent to the buffer zone of Jufang National Park was concentrated,and the area of natural forests in this period reached 1.71x[10]^4 ha.From 2000 to 2010,the vegetation coverage of Jufang National Park continued to increase,mainly concentrated in the riverside and the southern and northern parts of the national park.The area of change from 2010 to 2020 is mainly concentrated in the north and southeast of Jufang National Park,and the natural forest area reaches1.91x[10]^4 ha.(2)The main factors for the increase in vegetation cover are the effective use of funds by the Kikukata National Park Management Committee,which is reflected in the active search for investment from international organizations,giving priority to infrastructure construction in national parks,increasing staff salaries,and carrying out relevant scientific research.With the continuous increase in capital investment in national parks,the relocation policy of core area residents has been effectively implemented,thereby minimizing the impact of communities on the natural resources of national parks.The results of the comprehensive assessment of the livelihood analysis method DFI show that based on 12 criteria in the four fields of society,economy,environment and institutions,7 of the livelihood activities of residents in the buffer zone of Kikukata National Park are in line with the principle of sustainability.(3)From 2010 to 2019,the number of tourists in Kikukata National Park doubled,of which 86.5%of tourists said they would come to visit again,and 13.5% of tourists had no intention of visiting again.From a development perspective,it is necessary to upgrade the infrastructure of Kikukata National Park to meet the needs of national park tourism;from a conservation point of view,illegal hunting and wildlife trade must be prohibited to reduce the damage to the biodiversity of Kikukata National Park.However,solutions should not be proposed solely from the perspective of development or conservation,but should be combined with environmental education to enhance the sustainable development potential of Kikukata National Park. |
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