Soil Moisture And Temperature Dynamics And Evapotranspiration Of Red Plum Apricot Orchard Under Rainfall Catchment Infiltration In Southern Mountainous Area Of Ningxia

The mountainous area of Ningnan belongs to the traditional rain-fed agricultural area of loess Plateau.Water shortage is one of the main factors restricting the economic development of this area.Apricot apricot has developed root system,strong ability of soil fixation and water retention,rich fruit nutrition and high economic value.The development of apricot apricot industry is a winwin need of ecological environment construction and poverty alleviation in the southern mountainous area of Ningnan.In view of the present study area hong mei almond "invalid precipitation is unable to be great lost of crop root,evapotranspiration,precipitation utilization low" characteristics,puts forward the rain collector(poa pratensis)technique,this method not only held rainfall runoff,the effect of soil conservaton,conserving soil and water,induction of deep root system,increase drought resistance of root,and low cost,simple technology,are more likely to be accepted by the growers,Therefore,it has a broad application prospect in fruit plantation irrigation in arid and semi-arid areas of China.It is of great practical significance to study the changes of soil moisture and heat,tree growth index,soil physiological and ecological effects and soil evaporation caused by the application of this technology for the establishment of orchard management measures and water management system adapted to the precipitation conditions of red plum and apricot,and to realize the sustainable and healthy development of industrial ecology and economy of red plum and apricot in the southern mountainous area of Ningnan.Through the measurement and analysis of soil moisture and heat,growth index and soil evaporation in 0-45cm soil layer of 3-year red plum apricot tree,the following research results were obtained:(1)Rainfall collecting and infiltration irrigation system(FM)can be collected and utilized by the infiltration irrigation system for the short duration of moderate rain and heavy rainfall and the invalid rainfall of moderate rain greater than 1.4mm,which can effectively improve the soil water storage in the 0-45cm depth of the root region of red plum apricot.The simulation results of soil relative water content model during the training period were good,with RMSE of 0.64579%at L10D25 and 1.6542%at L10D35.(2)Soil temperature at depths of 5cm,20cm and 40cm showed the same trend and fluctuated with atmospheric temperature.During the whole growth period,the average soil temperature of 5cm,20cm and 40cm under rainfall-collecting and infiltration irrigation was 2.39℃,1.87℃ and 0.97℃ higher than that of the control,respectively.The temperature differences between the two treatments decreased with the increase of soil depth.The diurnal range of soil temperature also decreased with the increase of soil depth,and soil temperature decreased significantly with the sharp decrease of air temperature and solar radiation.(3)The median tree height,canopy width and ground diameter of FM treatment were 3.6m,2.5 m and 46.31 mm,respectively.CK(bare land)is 2.75m,1.65m and 37.02mm;The mean values of FM treatment were 23.43%,32.77%and 21.07%higher than those of CK treatment,respectively.(4)The first two axes of the three different rainfall environmental factors had a higher explanatory degree of soil water content.FM(rainfall collection and infiltration irrigation)explained 99.54%,90.56%and 94.41%of the soil water content of the first two axes,and CK(bare land)explained 96.35%,96.92%and 94.45%of the soil water content.Monte Carlo test showed that in FM treatment,porosity and clay content were the main factors controlling the spatial distribution of soil water content in the whole soil profile,and clay content was the main reason affecting soil water storage in CK treatment.(5)The soil moisture content of 0～2cm surface layer of each treatment decreased with the change of time,and the soil moisture content was E3>E2>E1(film mulching without opening hole>film mulching without opening hole is greater than film mulching without opening hole).The cumulative evaporation of E1,E2 and E3 was 17 mm,8 mm and 5.3mm,respectively,and the evaporation intensity was E1>E2>E3.It was calculated that the total evaporation resistance of soil with no open holes was significantly higher than that of soil with open holes.