The Effect Of Peanut||maize Intercropping-rotation Planting System On Crop Growth And Yield In Dry Farming Field

The water resources in the northwest arid area are limited,which is dominated by the wheat-maize rotation cropping system with high water and fertilizer consumption,and the water and nitrogen use efficiency is low,which affects the crop yield.This mode of agricultural production with excessive consumption of resources needs to be improved.The planting mode of peanut and maize intercropping rotation can not only make full use of water and nitrogen resources,but also give full play to the symbiotic nitrogen fixation ability of legume crops,so as to realize"food crop production strategy based on farmland management"and promote the sustainable development of land resources.This study was conducted in Caoxinzhuang farm,Yangling District from 2019 to 2020,Five treatments including maize monoculture（M）,peanut monoculture（P）,peanut-maize rotation（R）,peanut||maize intercropping（I）,and peanut||maize intercropping-rotation（IR）were set as experimental subjects.The effects of dry farming field on crop dry matter accumulation per plant,leaf area index（LAI）,yield,water use efficiency（WUE）,nitrogen use efficiency（NUE）,diseases and insect pests of the intercropping-rotation planting system crops were analyzed.This paper discusses the high-yield effects of resource efficient utilization and diseases and insect pests control of the intercropping-rotation planting system,in order to provide a theoretical basis for the efficient production of the intercropping-rotation planting.The main results are as follows:（1）I mainly increased dry matter accumulation per plant and leaf area index at the late growth stage of maize and promoted the growth of maize.The peanut growth of I was affected,and the dry matter accumulation per plant and leaf area index in the growing stage were significantly reduced,which reduced the influence of continuous cropping on peanut quality and increased the protein content of peanut.The water equivalent ratio and nitrogen equivalent ratio of I were 1.15-1.17 and 1.11-1.12,respectively,indicating that intercropping with I had the advantage of water and nitrogen resource utilization.I decreased the water use efficiency of peanut and maize,and decreased the nitrogen accumulation,agronomic use efficiency,nitrogen use efficiency and partial nitrogen productivity of peanut compared with monoculture.The N accumulation,N agronomic efficiency,N use efficiency,N harvest index,N harvest index and N partial productivity of maize were increased by29.28%-31.02%,39.04%-43.54%,46.59%-48.48%,11.53%-11.81%,33.06%-34.63%compared with monoculture.I reduced the incidence and disease index of peanut fruit rot disease and grub infestation,as well as maize stem rot and maize borer infestation.（2）R significantly increased dry matter accumulation and leaf area index of peanut during the growth period,and promoted peanut growth,but had no significant effect on maize growth.Compared with mono cropping,R increased the protein content of peanut and lysine content of maize.Continuous cropping of peanut reduced the water use efficiency of peanut,rotation had no significant effect on the utilization of water and nitrogen resources,but significantly reduced the severity of peanut diseases and insect pests.（4）IR decreased dry matter accumulation and leaf area index at the later growth stage of peanut compared with monocultures,but the growth index of IR was higher than that of I,which reduced the effect of I on peanut.IR increased the protein content of peanut and the crude fat and lysine content of maize.IR also improved the utilization efficiency of water and nitrogen,and the intercropping advantage of water and nitrogen utilization was greater than that of I.The water equivalent ratio was 1.24-1.25,and the nitrogen equivalent ratio was 1.14.The effect of IR on crop diseases and insect pests was greater than that of I,and the rate of stem mothiness was 19.56%-21.32%lower than that of mono-cropping maize borer.（1）Both I and IR have intercropping advantages,and IR have higher land use efficiency.Maize yield under I and IR increased by 27.17%-28.94%and 33.06%-34.63%,respectively,and peanut yield decreased by 11.80%-12.17%and 4.85%-5.52%,respectively,compared with monoculture.R mainly increased the yield of peanuts.Both I and IR can improve the economic benefits of crops,and IR has the best economic benefits,with a two-year net output value of 45,765 yuan hm^-2.