Analysis Of Fecal Microbiological And Metabolomic Changes In Goats With Pregnant Toxemia

Goat pregnancy toxemia is a pregnancy disease that mainly manifests clinical symptoms such as depression,paralysis,head and neck curvature and muscle spasm in ewes at the end of pregnancy.It mostly occurs in the older multi-litter female goats raised in intensive pens.At present,it is believed that goat pregnancy toxemia is nutritional metabolic disease which could be influenced by the factors such as malnutrition and feeding management,but its specific mechanism is unclear.In this study,we analyzed the changes of microbiome and metabolome in the feces of goats with pregnancy toxemia based on 16 SrRNA technique and LC-MS/MS technique for detection of pregnancy toxemia and healthy pregnancy goats,respectively.This study provides new ideas for the treatment and prevention and control of pregnancy toxaemia in goats.Eight pregnancy toxemia(PT group)and eight healthy pregnant goats(NC group)were selected for our experiment.We observed clinical signs and pathological changes in goats,and collected livers for pathological histological sections.We Take blood from jugular vein before morning feeding to test biochemical indicators.Rectal feces were collected aseptically.16 SrRNA and LC-MS/MS technology were used to detect the feces of the PT group and NC group respectively to screen the differential bacteria and differential metabolites.The main results are as follows:1)PT group goats showed clinical symptoms such as depression,loss of appetite,recumbency,exhalation of rotten apple-smelling gas and scoliosis of the head and neck.The liver was enlarged with an earthy yellow color and showed pathological changes such as large red and yellow textures on the surface.Hepatic tissue section showed a large number of vacuoles in the hepatocytes and hepatic steatosis.Biochemical analysis showed that compared with NC group,the levels of Aspartate aminotransferase(AST)and β-hydroxybutyric acid(B-HB)in PT group were significantly increased,and the levels of calcium(Ca)were significantly decreased.2)Microbiome analysis found that fecal microbial richness and diversity of PT group were significantly lower than NC group.At the phylum level,the abundance of Proteobacteria in PT group was significantly increased than NC group,and the abundance of Tenericutes was significantly decreased in the feces of the PT group.At the genus level,the abundances of Escherichia and Rothella were significantly increased in the feces of the PT group,while those of Clostridium＿Ⅳ,Clostridium＿Ⅲ and Clostridium＿Ⅺ were decreased significantly.3)Metabolomics analysis showed that 125 differential metabolites were screened by positive ion mode,including 89 up-regulated metabolites and 36 down-regulated metabolites,which were significantly enriched in 12 metabolic pathways.100 differential metabolites were screened by negative ion mode,51 were up-regulated,49 were down-regulated,and 7 metabolic pathways were significantly enriched.Differential metabolites included cortisol,estradiol,testosterone,thromboxane b2,deoxycholic acid,glycocholic acid and calcitriol.Differential metabolites are mainly enriched in the metabolic pathways of steroid hormone biosynthesis,bile secretion,phenylalanine,tyrosine and tryptophan biosynthesis,arachidonic acid metabolism and endocrine and other factor-regulated calcium reabsorption.Conclusion: Pregnancy toxemia in goats can reduce fecal microbe abundance and diversity and change the composition of fecal metabolites.