| Phosphorus is an essential element for crop growth and development.Reasonable application of phosphorus fertilizer can improve crop yield and utilization efficiency,but unreasonable application of phosphorus fertilizer will lead to a large amount of nutrient loss.This study platform for long-term trial phosphate fertilization,with no phosphate,conventional phosphate fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer for different deweighting,to explore the effect of phosphate fertilizer on corn yield,nutrient uptake and losses,and on the soil fertility,this study explored the reasonable application of phosphorus fertilizer on corn,and provide a scientific basis for reasonable fertilization.The main research results are as follows:1.Compared with superphosphate constant fertilization,reducing phosphorus by10% to 20% slightly increased maize yield by 0.90%-8.84%,and reducd phosphorus by 30% decreased maize yield by 10.87%,but the yield difference was not significant.Reducing phosphorus by 10% to 30% can stabilize maize yield.Compared with superphosphate constant fertilization,the economic benefit of reducing phosphorus by10%-20% can increase by 1.31%-9.94%.Compared with superphosphate constant fertilizer,the yield component of the corn in the treatment with 20% reduction of P was better,and the photosynthetic characteristics of maize were not significantly affected by 10% to 30% reduction of P.2.Compared with the superphosphate constant fertilization,the N,P and K accumulation in corn grains and straw increased by 5.09%,-4.24%,4.52% and 4.08%,-26.93% and 4.38%,respectively.Decrease of phosphorus by 20% promoted the accumulation of N and K in maize.Compared with superphosphate constant fertilizer,P utilization rate was increased by 1.15%,9.72% and 10.36%,respectively.With the decrease of the application amount of P fertilizer,the utilization rate of P fertilizer increased gradually,and the utilization rate of P fertilizer decreased by 30% was showed the highest.3.Compared with superphosphate constant fertilizer,the runoff losses of total phosphorus,granular phosphorus and soluble phosphorus were reduced to the maximum extent gradually in the treatments of reducing phosphorus by 10% to 30%.Compared with superphosphate constant fertilization,the runoff soluble nitrogen losses decreased by 9.10%-20.87% in the treatments with reducing phosphorus by10%-30%.4.Compared with superphosphate constant fertilization,the total phosphorus content in 0-20 cm,20-40 cm,40-60 cm and 60-80 cm soil layers were decreased by7.09%,15.21% and 23.56% by 10% to 30%;11.85%,15.99%,23.50%;18.45%,28.91%,43.70% and 16.11%,31.87%,45.15%,respectively.Compared with superphosphate constant fertilization,the available phosphorus content in 0-20 cm,20-40 cm,40-60 cm and 60-80 cm soil layers of the treatments with reducing phosphorus by 10%-30% were decreased by 10.24%,17.84%,35.47%;8.92%,18.45%,56.17%;22.61%,40.34%,40.74% and 22.73%,36.84%,39.80%,respectively.The seepage losses of total phosphorus and available phosphorus were reduced to the greatest extent by reducing phosphorus by 30%.5.Compared with the soil total phosphorus content in 2013,the soil total phosphorus content in 2020 under blank treatment,major calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer,major superphosphate and 10%-30% phosphorus reduction treatments decreased by 68.75%,0.01%,1.28%,38.59%,16.29% and 29.22%,respectively.And the soil available P content after harvest in 2020 increased by-53.46%,62.23%,153.77%,127.78%,108.50% and 63.75%,respectively compared with 2013.The soil pH value after harvest of the treatments with blank treatment,major calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer,major superphosphate and phosphorus reduction of 10%-30% in 2020 decreased by 28.51%,14.65%,23.03%,28.31%,21.49% and 20.26%,respectively compared with in 2013.The soil organic matter content after harvest of the treatments with blank treatment,major calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer,major superphosphate and phosphorus reduction of 10%-30% in 2020 decreased by 17.17%,13.07%,-4.11%,3.72%,8.57% and 2.67%,respectively compared with in 2013.Compared with superphosphate constant fertilization,the contents of soil total phosphorus and available phosphorus decreased gradually with a long-term reduction of 10%-30% phosphorus,and the decrease of soil pH and organic matter content slowed down. |
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