The Influence Of Policy Cognition Of Marine Fishermen On Their Willingness To Change Jobs

With the expansion of marine fishing intensity and the signing and entry into force of three fishery agreements,China’s marine fishing areas have been reduced,and marine fishermen are facing the risk of unemployment.In this context,the government’s implementation of the policy of changing the production and employment of marine fishermen,reducing the expansion intensity of marine fishing labor force and realizing the sustainable utilization of marine resources plays an important role in changing the over exploitation of marine fishery resources and protecting fishery ecological resources.During the "14th five year plan" period,marine fishery has entered a new stage of development.With the improvement of ecological and environmental protection requirements,the conversion of marine fishermen to other industries has become an important livelihood issue to be solved urgently.Studying the impact of marine fishermen’s policy cognition on their willingness to change industries is conducive to stimulating the enthusiasm and initiative of marine fishermen to change industries through policy guidance,accelerating the transformation of marine fishery development mode and increasing fishermen’s income,Improve the ecological environment of fishing villages and improve the quality of fishery development.Although the implementation of marine fishing fishermen has made great achievements in changing their industries,there is still a certain gap with the expected objectives of the central and local governments at all levels,and the decline of marine ecological environment and fishery resources has not been fundamentally reversed.The degree of grasp of the policy target group of marine fishermen on the willingness to change jobs is related to whether the implementation of the policy can achieve the expected effect when formulating the policy.In order to promote the effective promotion of the policy,we must pay attention to the awareness and acceptance of the policy target group of marine fishermen,and establish an effective incentive mechanism for fishermen to change jobs through research,It provides a theoretical basis for formulating the policy of changing production and industry,so as to promote the marine fishermen to change production and industry voluntarily and efficiently,which is very necessary to enrich the theory of changing production and industry of marine fishermen in China and promote the smooth realization of the work of changing production and industry of marine fishermen in China.The data in this paper are first-hand survey data.From July to November 2018,the research group entrusted local aquatic technology stations to investigate the production and living conditions of fishing fishermen in three coastal provinces of Shandong,Fujian and Guangdong.All the investigations took the form of household interviews to investigate the basic personal situation,policy cognition and willingness to change production of fishing fishermen.In the process of data sorting,The 743 questionnaires were eliminated from the problems of missing values and illogical values.Finally,708 valid questionnaires were obtained,and the effective rate of the questionnaire was 95.29%.In the survey sample of 708 marine fishing fishermen,462 fishing fishermen said they were unwilling to change their industries,accounting for 65.3% of the total.These fishermen believed that fishing could maintain their families’ livelihood and would not consider leaving the marine fishing industry unless fishing was prohibited by national policies.Only 246 fishing fishermen are willing to change their industries,accounting for only 34.7%.It can be seen that the vast majority of marine fishing fishermen are not willing to change their industries.Based on the interview survey and existing research,taking the planned behavior theory as the basic theoretical framework,the policy cognition of marine fishing fishermen to change jobs is divided into three dimensions: subjective norms,behavior attitudes and perceived behavior control.The impact of marine fishing fishermen’s policy cognition on their willingness to change jobs is discussed.After using SPSS to process the data,Construct a binary logistic regression model of the impact of fishermen’s policy cognition on their willingness to change jobs.Among the12 variables in the three dimensions of policy cognition in this paper,8 factors have a significant impact on their willingness to change jobs.In terms of behavior and attitude,their cognition of the environmental quality of the sea area around the fishing village and their income level in the fishing village have a significant impact on the marine fishing fishermen’s willingness to change jobs.In terms of subjective norms,their relatives,friends Whether you are willing to switch industries or not has a significant impact on the conversion of marine fishermen if the state gives compensation.In terms of perceived behavior control,physical condition,whether there is endowment insurance,the difficulty of borrowing loans and the understanding of marine fishery management policies have a significant impact on the conversion of marine fishermen.Among them,the cognition of the environmental quality of the sea area around the fishing village,the cognition of their own income level in the fishing village,and the understanding of marine fishery management policies have a significant negative impact on the fishermen’s willingness to change jobs,and the other five variables are positive.In addition,the cognition of the rationality of marine fishery management policy,the impact of marine fishery policy on production and life,education level,and whether to join the fishery cooperation organization have less significant impact on the willingness of marine fishermen to change jobs.However,we can conclude that the direction of the impact on the willingness of marine fishermen to change jobs is positive by observing the regression coefficients of these variables.According to the research conclusions of this paper and the actual development of marine fishing fishermen,this paper puts forward policy suggestions for marine fishing fishermen to change industries: Based on the significant impact of behavior and attitude on the willingness of marine fishing fishermen to change industries,it is suggested to strengthen the publicity of marine fishery management policies;Based on the significant impact of subjective norms on the willingness of marine fishermen to change their jobs,it is suggested to strengthen the construction of a social atmosphere for fishermen to change their jobs;Based on the significant impact of perceived behavior control on the willingness of marine fishermen to change jobs,it is suggested to strengthen the ability of public participation,which is very necessary to enrich the theory of marine fishermen to change jobs and promote the effective implementation of marine fishermen to change jobs.