| Ginseng(Panax ginseng C.A.Mey.)is a perennial herbaceous plant belonging to the Araliaceae.Its dried roots and rhizomes are used as medicine.It is one of the important artificially cultivated medicinal plants in my country.Most domestic ginseng is produced in the Changbai Mountain area in Jilin Province.For a long time,China has basically adopted the production model of logging and planting ginseng.This traditional method of logging and planting ginseng ensures that the soil environment for ginseng growth is similar to that of wild ginseng,but also obtains high-yield and high-quality ginseng.However,on the one hand,cutting forest and planting ginseng has caused the destruction of forest resources and the ecological environment.On the other hand,due to the continuous decrease of forest land suitable for cutting,the slope of planting ginseng land has become steeper and more difficult to produce and manage.,Even the Changbai Mountain area has reached the point where there is no forest to cut.Therefore,in order to protect the ecological environment,prevent soil erosion,and protect natural forests,ginseng planting began to shift from logging ginseng to farmland planting.However,ginseng grown in farmland is prone to disease,low yield and poor quality.Water plays an important role in the growth process of plants.It participates in the entire life cycle of plants.Appropriate water supply is required at different growth stages of crops.With the transformation of ginseng planting modes,farmland ginseng planting enables the more mature agricultural precision irrigation of Io T The application of technology becomes possible.Growing ginseng in farmland makes it possible to apply the mature Io T precision irrigation technology in agriculture.Therefore,in 2018,Fusong Ginseng Wang Plant Protection Company invested in the introduction of the Austrian CIPOS company’s Io T precision irrigation equipment system by Beijing Kebaihongye Technology Co.,Ltd.In this experiment,three water gradients were designed on this basis,that is,the relative soil water content is 60%,80%,90%and CK natural precipitation.Through the precision irrigation technology and equipment of the Internet of Things technology,the soil moisture content of non-forest lands is controlled,and the physical and chemical properties of soil,soil enzyme activity,soil microbial functional diversity,ginseng biological properties,ginseng yield and quality,etc.are systematically studied to determine suitable Optimal water conditions for the growth and development of ginseng,so as to realize scientific planting of ginseng and improve the yield and quality of ginseng.The main findings are as follows:1.Under the precise irrigation water gradient control of the Internet of Things,the differences in soil p H and bulk density between treatments are small,but they are all within the suitable range for ginseng growth.The content of organic matter,available nitrogen and available phosphorus in soils with a relative moisture content of 80%water gradient were significantly higher than other treatments,which increased by 29.95%,10.44%,and 4.75%respectively compared with CK.Comprehensive analysis of the soil nutrient content of each treatment and the utilization degree of the ginseng root system showed that the ginseng soil nutrient environment performance under different water gradient treatments is that the relative water content of 80%is the best treatment,and the relative water content of 90%is the second,and Relative moisture content is 60%and CK is poor.Therefore,under the condition of relative water content of 80%,the physicochemical properties of ginseng soil may have a favorable effect on the growth of ginseng.2.Different water content gradients have different effects on soil enzyme activities under the precise irrigation conditions of the Internet of Things.The ginseng rhizosphere soil urease,acid phosphatase,catalase,and invertase activities were relatively high under the treatment of80%relative soil water content,followed by the treatment group with relative water content of90%,so the water gradient of relative water content of 80%The level is conducive to the release and transformation of nutrients in the soil.The soil environment is characterized by complex layers and complex material and energy flows.In this study,the changes of soil enzyme activity in different months are not the same,and the reason may be caused by this complexity.Therefore,the relationship and effect between ginseng cultivation soil moisture and ginseng growth and soil enzyme activity.The law still needs to be further explored.3.The functional diversity of soil microorganisms is an important indicator for evaluating the intensity of soil microbial respiration,material decomposition and other metabolic processes,and it also plays a role in evaluating soil fertility.This study explored the effects of different soil water content on the soil microbial functional diversity of non-forest land planted ginseng under water regulation based on precision irrigation.The results showed that:the non-forest land planted ginseng different soil water content treatments had significant differences in soil microbial activity in the rhizosphere of ginseng.Under different water gradients,when the soil water content is 80%,the carbon source utilization of carbohydrates,amino acids,carboxylic acids,amines,and polymers are all higher than other water treatments.At the same time,after water control treatment,the soil microbial carbon source utilization rate can be significantly improved,and the microbial functional diversity indicators of each treatment group are integrated for evaluation.It shows that the effects of different water control treatments are similar to the treatment group with relative water content of 80%and relative water content of90%,and it is better than the treatment group with relative soil water content of 60%and CK.4.Different soil moisture content has different effects on ginseng yield and quality under the water regulation of Internet of Things precision irrigation.The yield per unit area of ginseng growing under a gradient of 80%water content was the highest,reaching 2715.64g/m~2,which increased by about 15%compared with CK.The root length,fresh weight and dry weight of ginseng increased by 11.39%,16.45%and 16.13%,respectively,compared with CK.The determination results of ginsenosides with different water gradients showed that under the relative water content of 80%and 90%,the contents of ginsenosides Rg1,Re,Rc,Rd and Rb2of ginsenosides were significantly increased compared with those of CK,and the accumulation rule of total ginsenosides of ginsenosides showed no significant difference among different treatments.However,the analysis combined with ginseng yield and total saponin content showed that the relative water content of about 80%was the suitable soil water content of ginseng,and the comprehensive benefit of ginseng yield and quality was the best under this gradient.This study lays a foundation for the application of precision irrigation system for non-forest planted ginseng. |
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