The Intestinal Microbial Structural And Function Of Roe Deer(Capreolus Pygargus)

Intestinal microbes and hosts are mutually beneficial and interact with each other to form the most complex and large symbiotic ecosystem in the host body,which constantly affects the nutrition and energy intake of the host as well as the overall health status.The roe deer(Capreolus pygargus)is a ruminant with unique digestive characteristics and microbiota that help digest and absorb high-fiber foods.The roe deer is listed in the “List of Beneficial Land Wildlife Protected by the State or of Important Economic and Scientific Research Value”,and is the most common wild ungulate species in northeast China.As the main prey of the Amur tiger(Panthera tigris altaica)and the Northeast leopard(P.pardus orientalis),roe deer play an important role in influencing the density and distribution of predators and maintaining the balance of the ecosystem.Studying the structure and function of intestinal bacteria of roe deer and the differences between captive and wild populations,and understanding the symbiotic relationship between roe deer and intestinal bacteria in detail is not only beneficial to strengthen the captive population health management,but at the same time can provide guidance to promote the wild population health and recovery,so as to provide a certain theoretical basis for promoting the recovery of the northeast tiger and leopard and other large carnivores.In this study,a total of 28 fecal samples collected from captive and wild populations were sequenced using 16S-r RNA high-throughput sequencing technology to analyze the community structure and function,and to compare the structural differences of intestinal flora between captive and wild populations.The results show that:(1)In this study,a total of 1,986,306 original reads were obtained by sequencing,and the average length of the sequence after quality control filtering was 411.76 bp.A total of 42,645 OTUs were obtained by optimized clustering under 97 % identity,and 311 genera of 155 families,76 orders,48 classes,and 23 phyla were detected.The dominant bacteria were Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes.At the order level,the dominant flora were Clostridiales and Bacteroidales.At the genus level,the dominant flora were Bacteroides and Clostridium Xl Va.PICRUSt gene prediction showed that the main COG functions of intestinal flora of roe deer included carbohydrate transport and metabolism,amino acid transport and metabolism,translation,ribosomal structure and biogenesis,transcription,replication,recombination and repair.(2)The comparison of intestinal microflora composition between wild and captive populations showed that the intestinal microbial diversity of the wild roe deer population was higher than that of the captive population.Bacteroidetes were the most important component of intestinal flora of captive roe deer,while Firmicutes were the most important component of intestinal flora of wild roe deer.(3)The results showed that there were significant differences between captive and wild roe deer in the relative abundance of 29 sub-functions among 41 secondary predictive functions,including replication and repair,amino acid metabolism,carbohydrate metabolism and glycan biosynthesis and metabolism of polysaccharides,which were significantly higher in captive populations than in wild populations.However,transcription,membrane transport,cell motility and other functional genes were all relatively higher in wild populations.Climate,environment and diet are all important factors affecting the structure and function of intestinal microorganisms.Standardized management of captive breeding results in relatively stable climate and environmental conditions in captive populations and a more homogenous diet composition than in wild populations.The synergistic effect of these factors may be the main reason for the decrease of intestinal flora diversity in the captive population and the difference of intestinal flora function between captive and wild populations.How to reduce the negative impact of ex situ conservation on wildlife health is also a problem that the wildlife conservation industry has been exploring.This study provides important basic data for further understanding the structure and functional diversity of intestinal flora of roe deer,which is beneficial to physiological and health research of roe deer,and lays a foundation for breeding and reintroduction of captive roe deer in the wild.However,the effects of changes in intestinal microflora structure and function on the health of roe deer individuals and populations needs further research.