Effects Of Organic Fertilizer Application On Water Consumption And Quality Of Red Jujube Under Drip Irrigation

Object:In order to develop water-saving agriculture in South Xinjiang region,solve the problem of infertile soil and soil salinization,promote jujube yield increase and quality improvement,promote the practical application of organic fertilizer,and guarantee the sustainable development of jujube cultivation industry in South Xinjiang region.This study explores the effects of coupling bio-organic fertilizer and irrigation water on the water consumption pattern,soil moisture,soil salinity,soil nutrients,physiological growth and yield quality of jujube with drip irrigation in the arid region of South Xinjiang.Proposing the best water and fertilizer（bio-organic fertilizer）combination pattern suitable for drip irrigation jujube in South Xinjiang.This study can provide a theoretical basis for the efficient use of water and fertilizer（bio-organic fertilizer）for drip irrigation jujube in South Xinjiang.Methods:Through field trials,local mature jujube were used as the test material,set up two irrigation levels(W1:6 000 m³·hm^-2,W2:6 600 m₃·hm^-2),bio-organic fertilizer was used as base fertilizer and three base application levels were set(S1:1 200 kg·hm^-2,S2:1 650 kg·hm^-2,S3:2 100 kg·hm^-2),no bio-organic fertilizer was applied as control（W1CK,W2CK）,8 treatments in total,3 replicates per treatment.Fertilizer for each treatment was applied as a follow-up fertilizer with water at each irrigation,Fertilizer application rates were the same for all treatments and consistent with local fertilization.Results:（1）The effect of irrigation level and fertilization（bio-organic fertilizer）level on water consumption pattern of drip irrigated jujubes was significant（P<0.01）.The application of bio-organic fertilizer can increase the water consumption of jujube at each fertility stage,and the water consumption of jujube with the increase of bio-organic fertilizer application at the same irrigation level was S3>S2>S1>CK.At the same level of fertilization（bio-organic fertilizer）,water consumption of jujube at each fertility stage showed that W2>W1.In the comparison of different water fertilizer（bio-organic fertilizer）treatments,the W1S3 treatment increased water consumption by 2.67%compared to the local conventional irrigation treatment（W2CK）.The water consumption modulus of jujube at each fertility stage under different water and fertilizer（bio-organic fertilizer）treatments showed an increasing trend followed by a decreasing trend,the maximum water consumption modulus occurred during the fruit expansion period,indicating that the expansion period is a critical period for water demand of jujube.（2）As the fertility period progressed,the overall trend of"increasing,then decreasing and then increasing"was observed in the soil water content of each layer of each treatment,the first enlarged stage was the flowering stage and the second enlarged stage was the maturity stage,while the overall soil water content was smaller in all layers of the expansion and white maturity treatments.Application of bio-organic fertilizer can increase the water content of 0-150 cm soil of jujube at all fertility stages,at the same irrigation level,with the increase of bio-organic fertilizer application the soil water content of red jujube0-150 cm showed S3>S2>S1>CK.At the same fertilizer（bio-organic fertilizer）level,the soil water content of 0-150 cm of jujube at all fertility stages showed W2>W1.In the comparison of different water and fertilizer（bio-organic fertilizer）treatments during the whole reproductive period,the W1S3 treatment increased the average water content of 0-150 cm soil by 4.45%compared to the local conventional irrigation treatment（W2CK）.（3）Application of bio-organic fertilizer can reduce the salinity content of 0-150 cm soil,at the same irrigation level,the higher the amount of fertilizer（bio-organic fertilizer）applied,the lower the soil salt content,as shown by S3<S2<S1<CK.The effect of higher irrigation water on desalination of 0-150 cm soil layer is more obvious,the average soil salt content in the 0-150 cm soil layer was reduced by 17.30%in W2 compared to W1 irrigation level during the whole reproductive period.In the comparison of different water and fertilizer（bio-organic fertilizer）treatments,the W1S3 treatment reduced the average soil salt content by 2.59%compared to the local conventional irrigation treatment（W2CK）at 0-150 cm throughout the fertility period.（4）Application of bio-organic fertilizer can improve soil organic matter and total soil carbon content,at the same irrigation level,the organic matter and total soil carbon content of 0-150 cm soil showed S3>S2>S1>CK with the increase of bioorganic fertilizer application.At the same basal application level,the organic matter and total soil carbon content of the 0-150 cm soil layer decreased by increasing irrigation water,both showing W2<W1.In the comparison of different water fertilization（bio-organic fertilizer）treatments,the W1S3 treatment increased 21.85%and 7.31%of soil organic matter and total soil carbon content,respectively,compared to the local conventional irrigation treatment（W2CK）0-150 cm.Application of bio-organic fertilizer can increase the nutrient content of 0-150 cm soil,at the same irrigation level,the ammonium N,fast-acting phosphorus and effective potassium contents of 0-150 cm soil showed S3>S2>S1>CK with the increase of bio-organic fertilizer application.The higher the amount of irrigation,the lower the nutrient content of the 0-150 cm soil,W2 decreased 2.21%,6.43%and 6.25%in ammonium N,fast-acting phosphorus and effective potassium content of the soil at 0-150 cm compared to W1 irrigation level,respectively.In the comparison of different water fertilizer（bio-organic fertilizer）treatments,the W1S3 treatment increased the effective potassium,fast-acting phosphorus and ammonium nitrogen content by 60.00%,66.27%and 86.43%respectively compared to the local conventional irrigation treatment（W2CK）0-150 cm soil.（5）At the same level of fertilization（bio-organic fertilizer）,the higher the irrigation rate,the greater the chlorophyll content,tip length,tip diameter,yield and quality index of jujube,which showed that W2>W1.The application of bio-organic fertilizer promoted yield,IWUE and quality index（except total acid）of jujube,At the same irrigation level,yield,IWUE and quality indexes（except total acid）of jujube showed S3>S2>S1>CK with the increase of bioorganic fertilizer application.In the comparison of different water and fertilizer（bio-organic fertilizer）treatments,the W1S3 treatment increased the yield,IWUE,total sugar,soluble solids and VC content of jujube by 6.21%,16.83%,2.57%,3.09%and 3.37%,respectively,compared to the local conventional irrigation treatment（W2CK）,the W1S3 treatment had higher economic returns than the local conventional irrigation treatment（W2CK）.Conclusion:Taking into account the characteristics of aridity and low rainfall,water scarcity and easy water and fertilizer loss in southern Xinjiang,the application of high amount of bio-organic fertilizer（2 100kg·hm^-₂）under W1 irrigation level(6 000 m₃·hm^-2)instead of local conventional irrigation（W2CK）is a more suitable water and fertilizer（bio-organic fertilizer）combination scheme for jujube cultivation in arid areas of southern Xinjiang.