| The nutritional value of donkey milk is close to human milk and rich in PUFA.Artemisia ordosica extract has positive effects on regulating immune antioxidant and lipid metabolism of livestock and poultry.However,its application in lactating donkeys has not been reported.From nutrient digestion and metabolism,blood and milk fatty acids(FA),lipid metabolism related enzyme activity,serum biochemical indicators and rectum bacterial diversity perspective to explore the water extract of Artemisia ordosica(AOE)for lactation donkey milk performance and the influence of lipid metabolism,as a kind of green feed additive for AOE scientific application in lactation donkey diet to provide theoretical basis and technical support.Twenty-one Dezhou donkeys with foals with age(6.16±0.67 years),weight(250.06± 25.18kg),parity(2.82 ± 0.48 parities)and lactation days(39.11 ± 7.42 days)were randomly divided into 3 groups with 7 donkeys in each group.CON group was fed a concentrate to forage ratio of 3:7,AOE1 and AOE2 groups were added with 0.5 g/kg DM and 1.0 g/kg DM,respectively.The prefeeding period lasted for 15 days,and the formal experiment lasted for 60 days.This paper includes four experiments.In experiment 1,the effects of AOE on milk performance and nutrient digestion and metabolism of lactating donkeys were studied.The results showed that AOE supplemented with 0.5g/kg DM could increase milk yield,milk fat yield,lactose yield,fat-free solid matter(SNF)yield,total solid matter(TS)yield,digestibility of EE,NDF,ADF and P(P≤0.05),and tended to increase milk fat percentage of female donkeys(0.05≤P<0.10).The digestibility of DM,CP,P and energy of female donkeys was significantly increased by AOE supplemented with 1g/kg DM(P≤0.05).In experient 2,the effects of AOE on blood and FA composition in milk of lactating donkeys were studied.The results showed that adding 1g /kg DM AOE significantly increased the proportions of C18:1c9,C18:2c6,C18:3n3,EPA,UFA,MUFA,PUFA,n-6PUFA,n-3PUFA,n-6 LCPUFA,P/S and U/S in donkey milk(P≤0.05).The quality of donkey milk FA was improved.In experiment 3,the effects of AOE on lipid metabolism related enzyme activities and blood biochemical indexes of lactating donkeys were studied.The results showed that AOE supplemented with 0.5g/kg DM significantly increased the contents of NEFA and the activities of SCD and FADS1 in serum(P≤0.05),but significantly decreased the contents of GLU,LDL and the activities of HSL(P≤0.05).AOE supplemented with 1g/kg DM significantly increased the contents of NEFA and the activities of FAS and SCD(P≤0.05),and decreased the activities of ACC,LPL and ELOVL5 and the contents of GLU,LDL and HDL(P≤0.05).In experiment 4,the effect of AOE on bacterial structure in rectum of lactating donkey was studied.The results showed that AOE could significantly increase the diversity of rectal bacteria(P≤0.05).AOE with 0.5g/kg DM could increase the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes,Prevoelsiaceae,verrucococcaceae and Spironella and decrease the relative abundance of Firmicutes,flutter spiraceae,Christenseniaceae,Streptococcaceae,and Clostridiaceae,Christensenellaceae＿R-7,Lachnospiraceae＿XPB1014,F082,Streptococcus,Lachnospiraceae＿AC2044,lachnospiraceae＿UCG-009.C16:0,C18:0,C18:3n3,C18:2c6and C20:5n3 in plasma and milk of lactating donkeys were significantly correlated with the relative abundance of rectum bacteria.In conclusion,0.5 g/kg DM AOE1 group significantly improved milk performance of female donkeys,1g/kg DM AOE2 group significantly increased the proportion of C18:3n3,PUFA and n-3 PUFA in milk,and optimized the fatty acid composition of donkey milk.This may be related to increased nutrient digestion and metabolism,changed lipid metabolism related enzyme activity in blood and the structure of rectal bacteria. |
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