| Slow and controlled release nitrogen fertilizer has the characteristics of controllable release period,high efficiency and environmental friendliness,so it is often used in one-time fertilization.Single application is a light and simplified application technique.However,there are few researches on one-time application of slow release fertilizer on different japonica rice types,so it is of great significance to study the effect of one-time deep application of slow release fertilizer on different growth types of rice production.In order to investigate the effects of one-time and deep application of resincoated slow-release fertilizer and urea ratio as base fertilizer on the growth and nitrogen utilization of japonica rice at different growth stages,the experiment was conducted in Qitong Town,Jianyan District from 2021 to 2022,and the medium and japonica variety Liaijing 20,late ripening medium and japonica variety Nanjing 9108,and early and late japonica variety Nanjing crystal grain were used as test materials.Two release cycles of resin coatings were selected(A:60 days;B:100 days),five kinds of slow release fertilizer and quick available urea ratio(10:0,8:2,6:4,5:5 and 4:6)were used as base fertilizer for one time side deep application,named 1-5,respectively.Isonitrogen conventional application(270 kg hm-2)and high nitrogen application control(330 kg hm-2)were used as control The effects of different fertilization treatments on rice yield,nitrogen absorption and utilization and rice quality were analyzed and compared,in order to pro vide theoretical and technical support for precise and simplified fertilization of high yield and high quality rice.The main results are as follows:1.Under the same fertilizer type,the yield of japonica rice varieties showed that the yield of southern japonica grain was higher than that of southern japonica 9108 and even japonica 20,and even japonica 20 had the lowest yield.With the decrease of the proportion of slow release fertilizer and fast release fertilizer,the yield of different varieties increased first and then decreased,and the difference between treatments reached a very significant level Among them,under each treatment of 60-day slowrelease fertilizer,Nanjaponica 9108 reached the highest yield under A4(5:5)and A3(6:4)treatments,respectively,which was lower than the conventional fertilization level but the difference was not significant.Japonica 20 reaches the highest yield in two years under A3 treatment,7.8%and 2.6%higher than conventional fertilization,but lower than conventional control with high nitrogen.The yield of Nanjaponica grain reached the highest under A4 treatment,and the difference was not significant compared with that under isonitrogen conventional fertilization.The yield of Nanjaponica 9108 and Nanjaponica grain reached the highest under the treatment of B4 respectively under the treatment of 100 days of slow-release fertilizer.The yield of Nanjing 9108 under B4 treatment was 5.02%and 5.21%higher than conventional fertilization in two years,respectively.The yield of Nanjing grain under B4 treatment was higher than that under conventional treatment,and the difference was not significant compared with that under conventional fertilization.Japonica 20 reaches its maximum value at B4 and B5 respectively in two years,but it is lower than conventional fertilization treatment,and the difference is not significant.Therefore,the yield of southern japonica 9108 and southern japonica grain reaches the maximum when treated with B4,and the yield of even japonica 20 reaches the maximum when treated with A3.Among different slowrelease nitrogenous fertilizers,the yield of japonica 20 as a whole is higher than that of 100-day slow-release nitrogenous fertilizers when 60 days of slow-release fertilizer is used,and the yield is 7.72%and 7.41%higher in two years,respectively.On the other hand,the yield of Nanjing 9108 and Nanjing grain under 100 days slow-release nitrogen fertilizer was higher than that of 60 days fertilizer,which was 3.82%,4.31%and 1.72%,1.83%higher in two years,respectively.2.The nitrogen uptake and utilization efficiency of different slow-release fertilizer treatments is as follows:with the decrease of the proportion of slow-release fertilizer among different ratio treatments,nitrogen uptake and utilization effficiency,nitrogen agronomic utilization efficiency,nitrogen physiological utilization efficiency,nitrogen fertilizer bias Productivity showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing.During the 60-day slow-release period of nitrogen fertilizer treatment,the three japonica rice all reached the maximum value under A3 treatment Under this treatment,the nitrogen uptake and utilization efficiency of Nanjing 9108 and Lianjing 20 were 0.70%and 0.42%higher than those of CK1 under A3 treatment,but the difference was not significant The nitrogen uptake and utilization efficiency of South Japonica Jinggu under A3 treatment was significantly lower than that under CK1 treatment.There was no significant difference in the indicators of Nanjing 9108 compared with CK1 treatment,and the nitrogen use efficiency of Lianjing 20 was not significantly different from CK1 treatment,but the nitrogen agronomic use effeciency,nitrogen physiological use efficiency and nitrogen partial productivity were significantly higher than The conventional fertilization treatment was 23.44%,22.78%,and 7.75%higher than that,respectively.The A3 treatment of South Japonica Jinggu had no significant difference except that the nitrogen utilization rate was significantly lower than that of the CK1 treatment.During the 100-day slow-release period of nitrogen fertilizer treatment,nitrogen uptake utilization efficiency,nitrogen agronomic utilization effciency,nitrogen physiological utilization efficiency,and partial productivity of nitrogen fertilizer also showed a trend of increasing first and then decreasing with the increase in the proportion of available urea.The nitrogen uptake and utilization efficiency reached the maximum value under the B3 treatment,and the nitrogen uptake and utilization efficiency,nitrogen agronomic utilization rate,nitrogen physiological utilization rate,and nitrogen partial productivity all reached the maximum value under the B4 treatment,compared with the CK1 treatment.No significant difference.The data of Nanjing 9108 reached the maximum in B4 treatment,except that the nitrogen physiological utilization rate was not significant compared with CK1,the rest were significantly higher than CK1 treatment,which were 7.50%,12.13%,4.30%and 4.07%higher,respectively.Lianjing 20 had no significant difference with conventional fertilization except that the nitrogen uptake and utilization rate under B4 treatment was significantly lower than that under CK1 treatment,but the nitrogen uptake and utilization rate under B3 treatment was not significantly different from that of CK1.The nitrogen use efficiency of each treatment under the 100-day slow-release fertilizer was significantly lower than that of the CK1 treatment The nitrogen uptake and utilization efficiency,nitrogen agronomic utilization efficiency,nitrogen physiological utilization eficiency,and nitrogen partial productivity of South Japonica crystal valley under B4 treatment were significantly higher than those under CK1 treatment,which were 2.45%,36.38%,33.30%,and 10.78%higher,respectively.3.The processing quality of the treatment with slow-release nitrogen fertilizer was improved compared with the control with isonitrogen fertilizer.There was no significant difference between the brown Rice rate and the conventional control except for the B1 treatment of 9108.In addition to A1 treatment of Nanjing grain,there was no significant difference in mwhite Rice yield of slow-release fertilizer treatment compared with CK1 treatment,and the difference among treatments was not significant either.At the same time,the rate of finishing Rice of japonica Rice treated with slow release nitrogen fertilizer was improved compared with CK1 treatment.In addition,the application of stow-release nitrogen fertilizer could also reduce the chalkiness and improve the appearance quality of Rice.The effect of 100-day slow-release fertilizer on the appearance quality was better than that of 60-day slow-release fertilizer,and the chalkiness and chalkiness grain percentage were the lowest in B1 treatment At the same time,the peak viscosity of RVA spectra of starch decreased with the increase of slowrelease fertilizer ratio.The food quality under 60 days of slow-release fertilizer treatment was better than that under 100 days.In terms of overall yield,nitrogen absorption and utilization and quality,B4 treatment is the best for southern japonica 9108 and southern japonica grain,and A3 treatment is the best for even japonica 20.Both of them can achieve yield increase,improve nitrogen absorption and utilization rate,and ensure rice quality. |
PDF Full Text Request