Study On The Nutrient Components And Diversity Of Endophytic Fungi In Leaves Of Eucommia Ulmoides Improved Varieties

Eucommia ulmoides Oliv is an important strategic tree resources in China.In recent years,the comprehensive utilization value of Eucommia ulmoides Oliv has become increasingly prominent with the further research on the leaves,staminate flowers and fruits of Eucommia ulmoides Oliv.Eucommia ulmoides leaves have been included in the China Pharmacopoeia,and have been included in the Homology between medicine and food.Eucommia ulmoides leaf is a kind of renewable resources,with great production.The research and development on Eucommia ulmoides leaves can produce great economic and social benefits.Now the research on Eucommia ulmoides leaves mainly focuses on active components,pharmacological functions and application.Taking the 13 selected Eucommia ulmoides leaves as research objectives,the main morphological characters,main active components and contents,main amino acid components and contents of the leaves at 8 growth periods were inspected in this paper.Based on Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR),the detection analysis was conducted,the main active components was built and amino acid models were predicted.The endophytic fungi species and diversity of 13 Eucommia ulmoides improved variety leaves in the matured period were studied by high-throughput sequencing.The main research results are as follows:(1)Among the main morphological characters of 13 Eucommia ulmoides improved variety leaves in the growth period,the variation of leaf water content was the largest,the variation of main morphological characters of leaves of Eucommia ulmoides Huazhong 23 was the largest,and the variation of main morphological characters of leaves of Eucommia ulmoides Huazhong 12 was relatively stable.Except for leaf water content,the differences of other main morphological characters were not significant.The growth trend of main morphological characters of leaves except leaf water content was relatively consistent,and all reached a high level in the middle of August and the end of September.(2)Among the main active components of 13 Eucommia ulmoides improved variety leaves in the growth period,the variation of main active components in leaves of Eucommia ulmoides Huazhong 13 was the largest;there were no significant differences in 3 active components of geniposide acid,kaempferol and aucubin among different improved varieties,but there were significant differences in 6 active components of rutin,chlorogenic acid,protocatechuic acid,astragalin,quercetin and pinoresinol diglucose among different improved varieties.The main active components of different Eucommia ulmoides improved variety leaves were different in dynamic change trend;Geniposidic acid,aucubin and kaempferol were significantly positively correlated with the main morphological characters of leaves;while rutin,chlorogenic acid,protocatechuic acid,astragalin,quercetin and pinoresinol diglucose were significantly negatively correlated with the main morphological characters of leaves.(3)Among the main amino acid components of 13 Eucommia ulmoides variety leaves in the growth period,the variation of main amino acid components of Eucommia ulmoides Huazhong 23 was the largest,and the variation of main amino acid components of Eucommia ulmoides Huazhong 10 was stable;there were no significant differences in the amino acid components of aspartic acid,methionine and isoleucine,and the other 12 amino acid components,essential amino acids and total amino acids were different;The amino acid components of 13 Eucommia ulmoides improved variety leaves were mainly concentrated in the end of April.The dynamic change trend of different Eucommia ulmoides variety leaves was basically the same;15 kinds of amino acid components,essential amino acid,total amino acid were significantly negatively correlated with the main morphological characters of leaves.(4)The comprehensive evaluation of nutritional components of 13 Eucommia ulmoides improved variety leaves in growth period showed that the quality order was as follows:Euconmmia ulmoides Huazhong10>Eucommia ulmoides Huazhong 24>Eucommia ulmoides Huazhong 13>Eucommia ulmoides Huazhong 30>Eucommia ulmoides Huazhong 12>Eucommia ulmoides Huazhong 26>Eucomma ulmoides Huazhong 15>Eucommia ulmoides Huazhong 23>Eucommia ulmoides Huazhong 25>Eucommia ulmoides Huazhong 14>Eucommia ulmoides Huazhong 11>Eucommia ulmoides Huazhong 8>Eucommia ulmoides Huazhong 5.(5)The mid-infrared spectra of 13 Eucommia ulmoides improved variety leaves in the growth period were highly similar,and the peak position,peak intensity and peak shape were basically the same;the leaves of different Eucommia ulmoides improved varieties could be qualitatively and effectively classified by principal component analysis and cluster analysis;the main active components,essential amino acids and total amino acids in the leaves of Eucommia ulmoides improved varieties could be rapidly detected by the content prediction model established by partial least-squares regression(PLSR).(6)The diversity of fungi in leaves of 13 Eucommia ulmoides varieties in the matured period was rich,among which Eucommia ulmoides Huazhong 26 had higher colony richness and Eucommia ulmoides Huazhong 23 had higher colony diversity;Eucommia ulmoides Huazhong 13 had significant differences with other varieties;Ascomycota,Alternaria and Destroying Alternaria were dominant in phylum,genus and species level respectively in fungal colony components;Pathological fungi and saprophytic fungi were significantly dominant,and plant pathogens and undefined saprophytes were dominant in fungal functional components.Paramycosphaerella was significantly positively correlated with methionine,Symmetrospora was significantly positively correlated with rutin,and Exobasidium was significantly negatively correlated with lysine.