Morphological Analysis Of Selenium In Selenium-rich Garlic And Its Resource Application

In addition to being used in industry and agriculture,selenium also has many positive effects on the life activities of organisms.It can be used in the research and development of seleniun-enriched products.The application of selenium should not only lie in the function of selenium-enriched products,but also in the development and exploration of the resource utilization of seleniun in ecological environment and ecological agriculture.In this study,seleniun-rich solanum solanum was obtained by planting solanum solanum in the field and applying selenium in soil leaf surface.The effects of selenium on yield of solanum solanum and the absorption and transformation of selenium in solanum solanum were studied.The air-dried and freeze-dried samples of selenium—-rich garlic were pretreated by microwave closed digestion method.The selenium in selenium-rich garlic was determined by hydride generation atomic fluorescence spectrometry(HG-AFS)and its morphology was studied.The selenium content of seleniun-enriched garlic leaves was measured by composting treatment to explore the feasibility of selenium resource utilization.The results are as follows:Compared with the blank,in the range of Se-1 to Se-5,the increase of selenium application concentration could promote the growth of Se-rich garlic,but Se-5 showed a downward trend compared with the previous concentration gradient.The concentration gradients of Se-6 and Se-7 showed toxicity due to the addition of high content of exogenous selenium,which led to the decrease of the growth of Se-rich garlic.The total selenium content of lyophilized garlic samples was higher than that of air-dried garlic samples,and the drying effect of lyophilized garlic samples was better than that of air-dried garlic samples.With the increase of selenium application concentration,the total selenium content in freeze-dried and air-dried samples increased,and the maximum selenium content was 25.65 mg/kg and 19.63 mg/kg,respectively,which were 67.5 times and 83.6 times of the total selenium content of blank control.Exogenous selenium application could enhance the selenium enrichment ability of garlic.In addition,both air-dried samples and freeze-dried samples showed an obvious increase in the concentration gradient of Se-3 compared wth the previous concentration gradient.The optimal extraction conditions of four kinds of soluble seleniu were determined to determine their content to study the distribution of selenium.The optimal extraction conditions of acid-soluble selenium were as follows:extraction temperature was 45℃,extraction time was 2 h and solid-liquid ratio was 1:30.The optimal extraction conditions were as follows:extraction temperature was 40℃,extraction time was 1.5 h and solid-liquid ratio was 1:30.The optimal extraction conditions for salt-soluble selenium were as follows:extraction temperature was 45℃,extraction time was 2 h and solid-liquid ratio was 1:30.The optimal extraction conditions for water soluble selenium were determined as follows:extraction temperature was 40℃,extraction time was 1.5 h,solid-liquid ratio was 1:25.With the increase of selenium application concentration,the contents of four soluble selenium states increased,and the proportion of four soluble selenium states alkali soluble selenium>salt soluble selenium>acid soluble selenium>water soluble selenium.The content of selenoprotein and selenopolysaccharide was determined to study the content of organic form selenium in selenorich garlic.The optimal conditions for extracting soluble protein in selenorich garlic were as follows:0.1 mol/L NaOH,40℃extraction temperature,2 h extraction time and 1:30 solid-liquid ratio.The optimal conditions for the determination of soluble protein in selenium-rich garlic were as follows:the amount of staining solution was determined to be 4.5 mL and the color development time was determined to be 60 min.The optimal conditions for soluble protein precipitation were as follows:pH 4.2 and precipitation time 1 h;The protein synthesis of garlic was promoted by increasing exogenous selenium,and the protein content was positively correlated with selenium concentration.The highest soluble protein concentration was 76.22 mg/kg,which was 3.01 times of 25.34 mg/kg in blank control group.In addition,the growth rate of soluble protein was more prominent in the concentration gradient of Se-3,which was 1.41 times that of the previous concentration gradient.Increasing the concentration of exogenous selenium could increase the binding ability of protein and selenium in garlic.The selenium content of soluble protein was up to 35.207 mg/kg,which was 102.94 times of that of blank control group(0.342 mg/kg).The optimal extraction conditions were as follows:0.1 mol/L NaOH solution,45℃ extraction temperature,2.5 h extraction time and 1:35 solid-liquid ratio were selected as the extraction agent.The best conditions for the determination of phenol-concentrated sulfuric acid method were as follows:the dosage of phenol was 1 mL,the dosage of concentrated sulfuric acid was 5 mL,the temperature of water bath was 50 min,and the time of water bath was 35 min.Increasing exogenous selenium could promote the synthesis of polysaccharides,and the content of polysaccharides increased with the increase of selenium application concentration.The highest concentration of soluble polysaccharide was 89.01 g/kg,which was 2.67 times of 33.41 g/kg in blank control group.Exogenous application of seleniun could increase the ability of synthesizing and transforming polysaccharide,and the polysaccbaride content increased with the increase of selenium application concentration.Increasing the concentration of exogenous selenium could increase the binding ability of polysaccharide and selenium in S.solanum.The highest selenium content of soluble polysaccharide was 53.053 mg/kg,171 times of that of blank control group,which was 0.311 mg/kg.The content of soluble polysaccharide was more than that of soluble protein,and the content of selenium in soluble polysaccharide was also more than that in soluble protein.The organic form of selenium in selenium-rich garlic was mainly concentrated in soluble polysaccharide.The feasibility of resource utilization of selenium enriched garlic and garlic leaves composting was studied.The optimal comosting conditions were as follows:composting time 60d,composting temperature 50℃,initial moisture content 50%,mixed ventilation.Selenium rich garlic garlic leaves have certain fertility and selenium concentration after composting and rotting.Selenium rich garlic garlic leaves have the ability to realize selenium resource utilization and can be used as selenium fertilizer recycle.