| Allelopathy is ubiquitous in nature,Orychophragmus violaceus is widely distributed in China,rich in application value,is a better garden landscape plant,this study explored Diospyros kaki Thunb,Juglans regia,Amygdalus persica,Punica granatum on the growth and reproduction of Orychophragmus violaceus by the leaves of four commonly used garden native tree species,which provides a reference for forest and grass landscape landscaping.The effects of water extract of Diospyros kaki Thunb,Juglans regia,Amygdalus persica and Punica granatum leaves at four mass concentration gradients(0 g.m L-1,0.005 g.m L-1,0.025 g.m L-1 and 0.05 g.m L-1)at 15°C were studied by indoor Petri dish method on seed germination and seedling growth of Orychophragmus violaceus.The hydrolopathic effects of Diospyros kaki Thunb,Juglans regia,Amygdalus persica and Punica granatum leaf water extract on the flowering indexes,fruiting period indexes and biomass indexes of Orychophragmus violaceus under simulated understory shading environment(leaf clipping and uncut treatment)were discussed,and the results were as follows:1.In the seed germination experiment,the water extract of the leaves of four tree species basically showed a double concentration effect of "low(0.005 g.m L-1)and high(0.05 g.m L-1)inhibition" on the germination and seedling growth of Orychophragmus violaceus.At the seed germination stage,the inhibition degree of leaf water extract of the four tree species was from Amygdalus persica leaf> Punica granatum leaf>Juglans regia leaf > Diospyros kaki leaf.During the seedling growth stage,the degree of inhibition of leaf water extract of four tree species was from strong to weak:Amygdalus persica leaf> Punica granatum leaf> Diospyros kaki leaf >Juglans regia leaf.In general,the degree of inhibition of leaf water extract of four tree species was from strong to weak: Amygdalus persica leaf> Punica granatum leaf> Diospyros kaki leaf > Juglans regia leaf.2.In the pot experiment,under the watering treatment of the leaves of four tree species,the number of flowers and flowering size of the Orychophragmus violaceus during the flowering period showed an allelopathic inhibition response,and only partially treated as a hypothelitic promotion response.The 0.025 g.m L-1 high-quality concentration of Amygdalus persica leaf water extract had the strongest inhibitory effect on the number of flowers and flowering size of Orychophragmus violaceuss,which decreased by 61.9% and 26.7%,respectively.Under leaf clipping treatment,0.025 g.m L-1 high-quality Juglans regia leaf water extract had the strongest inhibitory effect on the number of flowering of Orychophragmus violaceuss,reducing them by52.6%,and 0.005 g.m L-1 low-quality concentration Amygdalus persica leaf water extract had the strongest inhibitory effect on the flowering size of Orychophragmus violaceuss,reducing them by 41.6%.The low concentration of 0.005 g.m L-1 Diospyros kaki leaf water extract and Amygdalus persica leaf water extract both promoted the flowering size of Orychophragmus violaceuss,which increased by 44.8% and 34.0%,respectively.The SPAD value of leaves at the flowering stage of Orychophragmus violaceus was generally manifested as allelopathic promotion,and the water immersion of 0.025 g.m L-1 high-quality concentration Diospyros kaki leaves had the strongest effect on the SPAD value of Orychophragmus violaceus leaves without leaf clipping,increasing by 39.4%,and watering 0.005 g.m L-1 low-quality concentration Amygdalus persica leaf water extraction leaves had the strongest promoting effect on the SPAD value at the flowering stage of Orychophragmus violaceus under leaf clipping treatment,increasing by 27.9%.For the four leaf extracts,the indicators at the flowering stage of Orychophragmus violaceuss did not show obvious allelopathic response to Diospyros kaki leaf water extract,and even showed a promoting response at 0.005 g.m L-1 low mass concentrations.3.Under different treatment methods,the effect of leaf water extract of four tree species on the indexes of Orychophragmus violaceus fruiting period was different.Without leaf cutting,the leaf water extract of the four species had inhibitory effects on the number of fruits and plant weight of the whole plant of Orychophragmus violaceus.Among them,0.025 g.m L-1 high-quality concentration Punica granatum leaf water extract had the strongest inhibitory effect on the dry weight,number of seeds,seed weight and plant weight of the Orychophragmus violaceus fruit,which decreased by46.2%,48.3%,45.8% and 51.8%,respectively.Under leaf clipping treatment,Diospyros kaki leaf water extract showed a promoting effect on all indexes in the fruiting period of Orychophragmus violaceus,among which 0.005 g.m L-1 low-quality Diospyros kaki leaf water extract had the strongest promotion effect on the length,dry weight of carob,number of seeds per plant,seed weight per plant and plant weight,which increased by 12.9%,46.3%,29.9%,53.3% and 41.5%,respectively,and 0.025 g.m L-1 high-quality concentration Juglans regia leaf water extract had the strongest promotion effect on the dry weight of Orychophragmus violaceus carob fruit,The number of hornfruits,fruit number,single plant seed weight and plant weight inhibitory effects were the strongest,which decreased by 64.8%,68.8%,76.8%,74.3% and 65.9%,respectively.The SPAD values of leaf stage in the fruit stage of Orychophragmus violaceus were also generally manifested as allelopathic promotion,and watering with low concentration Amygdalus persica leaf water extraction leaf had the strongest effect on the SPAD value of Orychophragmus violaceus fruiting stage,which increased by52.8% and 50.3%,respectively.Under the condition of leaf clipping,that is,limited light,the indicators of the orchid fruit stage in Orychophragmus violaceus showed obvious allelopathic response to Diospyros kaki leaf water extract.4.Under different treatment methods,the leaf water extract of the four tree species had different effects on the propagation and distribution of Orychophragmus violaceus.Without leaf cutting,the leaf water extract of four species generally showed a promoting effect on the propagation and distribution of Orychophragmus violaceuss,and the 0.005 g.m L-1 Punica granatum leaf water extract had the strongest promoting effect on the propagation and distribution of Orychophragmus violaceuss,which was22.4%.0.005 g.m L-1 low-quality Juglans regia leaf water extract had the strongest promoting effect on the distribution of carob in Orychophragmus violaceus,which was12.3%.The allelopathic effect on stem and leaf distribution of Orychophragmus violaceus was generally manifested as inhibition,and occasionally promoted.The 0.005 g.m L-1 low-quality concentration Punica granatum leaf water extract had the strongest inhibitory effect on stem and leaf distribution of Orychophragmus violaceus,which was 20.9%.Among them,0.025 g.m L-1 high-quality Juglans regia leaf water extract had the strongest inhibitory effect on the propagation and distribution of Orychophragmus violaceus,reducing by 26.7%,and 0.005 g.m L-1 low-quality Diospyros kaki leaf water extract had the strongest inhibitory effect on the stem and leaf distribution of Orychophragmus violaceus,while the propagation distribution,carob distribution and whole plant dry weight of Orychophragmus violaceus were0.005 Under the treatment of g.m L-1 Diospyros kaki leaf water extract,the average value was the largest,showing a clear allelopathic promotion response.5.Compared with the comprehensive effects of leaf water extract of four species on the growth period and breeding period of Orychophragmus violaceus,Diospyros kaki leaf water extract comprehensively had a certain allelopathic promoting effect on the growth and reproduction stages of Orychophragmus violaceus,especially under light-restricted conditions,the low-quality concentration Diospyros kaki leaf water extract had a more obvious effect on the reproductive traits of Orychophragmus violaceus,so from the perspective of allelopathy,it was more reasonable to configure Orychophragmus violaceus under Diospyros kaki trees followed by Juglans regia trees. |
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