Optimization Of Poria Cocos Culture Technology And Comparative Of Different Culture Methods Of Poria

Background and objective:Poria is a traditional Chinese medicine that was one of the first dual-purpose medicinal and edible herbs.It is a key component in more than 70% of traditional Chinese medicine formulas.In addition to medicinal use,Poria cocos is widely used in the food and cosmetics industries,and there is a high demand for it.However,due to the scarcity of wild resources,it is difficult to meet market demands.Currently,Poria cocos is primarily cultivated using traditional wooden logs,but this method is limited by long production cycles,environmental factors,and the high consumption of pine wood,making it difficult to improve production and quality to meet societal demands.Exploring new methods of cultivating Poria cocos is an effective way to resolve the conflict between the fungus and the wooden logs,and to improve its quality stability.This study optimized the composition of the substitute culture medium and liquid fermentation process for the cultivation of Poria cocos,and conducted comparative research on the chemical composition and pharmacology of wild Poria,wooden log-cultivated Poria,substitute-cultivated Poria,and fermented Poria.The aim is to provide a reference for finding new production methods for Poria cocos and improving the quality stability of Poria products.Materials and methods:The more active and faster-growing strains of Poria cocos were collected and screened,and the storage effects of two storage methods,slope storage and glycerol storage,were compared.The optimal strain was selected to prepare Poria cocos cultivation seed,which was used for wooden log-cultivated Poria cocos in Zhaohua District,Guangyuan City.Substitute-cultivated Poria cocos was prepared using pine sawdust,wheat bran,corn flour,and sucrose as raw materials,and the optimal substitute formula was obtained by using the D-optimal mixture experiment design method in Design Expert(V.8.0.6)software.Liquid fermentation process for Poria cocos was optimized using mycelial dry weight as the indicator,through single-factor experiments,Plackett-Burman experiments,steepest ascent experiments,and response surface experiments,and liquid-fermented Poria cocos was cultivated.The chemical composition and pharmacology of wild Poria,wooden log-cultivated Poria,substitute-cultivated Poria,and fermented Poria were compared.Results:1.The Zhaohua Poria cocos strain had the highest activity and fastest growth rate.Its colony had well-developed aerial mycelium with water droplet-like secretions at the tip,a dense and white mycelium,and a fast growth rate.Glycerol preservation was simple to perform and had a long preservation time with high activity.2.The highest conversion rate(fresh weight)of Poria cocos was achieved using log-cultivation under the forest canopy,with a rate of 75.00%.3.The optimal mixture ratio for substitute material-cultivated Poria cocos was determined to be 83.70% pine sawdust,11.20% wheat bran,4.10% corn cob powder,and 1.00% sucrose,with a conversion rate(fresh weight)of 50.00%.4.The optimal liquid fermentation process for Poria cocos was determined to be with a nitrogen source concentration of 1.10%,a carbon source concentration of 3.80%,an initial p H of 4.50,and a cultivation temperature of 27℃.The mycelial dry weight of Poria cocos was 8.54±0.12 g/L under these conditions.5.In terms of chemical composition,the extract,water-soluble polysaccharide,total triterpenoids,total amino acids,and trace element contents of fermented Poria were higher than the other three types.There was little difference in the chemical composition between substitute material-cultivated and wooden log-cultivated Poria,both of which had slightly higher extract,total polysaccharide,and total triterpenoid contents than wild Poria.In terms of pharmacological effects,all three types of Poria(wooden log-cultivated,substitute material-cultivated,and fermented)had significant benefits in tonifying the spleen and promoting water metabolism,which were better than those of wild Poria.Wooden log-cultivated Poria had the best immune regulatory effect,slightly stronger than the other three types.Conclusion:By comparing the chemical composition and pharmacological effects of four different cultivation methods of Poria,namely wild Poria,wooden log-cultivated Poria,substitute-cultivated Poria,and fermented Poria,it was found that the chemical composition and pharmacological evaluation of substitute-cultivated Poria were similar to that of wooden log-cultivated Poria.The effective ingredient contents of total triterpenes and amino acids in fermented Poria were significantly higher than those of the other three types,and its pharmacological evaluation was not significantly different from that of wooden log-cultivated Poria.Applying substitute cultivation technology and liquid fermentation technology to Poria cocos production can provide a reference for promoting the development of Poria cocos cultivation technology and promoting the scientific development and sustainable utilization of Poria cocos resources.