The Effects Of Irrigation Methods And Fertilization Amounts On Soil Environment,Growth Physiology,Quality,and Diseases Of Edible Roses

As a characteristic economic crop in Yunnan,edible roses are favored by local people for their combination of ornamental and edible value.Due to the conjecture and arbitrariness of flower growers,problems such as high incidence of diseases,lower quality,lower yield and even environmental pollution of edible roses have occurred,thereby increasing the cost of planting edible roses.Therefore,in order to explore the response characteristics of soil physical and chemical properties,quality,diseases,growth physiological characteristics and yield to irrigation methods and fertilization amounts in different growth stages of edible roses,biennial"mohong"edible roses were used as experimental materials,and the irrigation methods（Micro-sprinkler irrigation,W;drip irrigation,D）and the total amount of fertilization(F0,F1,F2,F3 are 0,840,1890,3150 kg·hm^-2,respectively)2-factor complete combination experiment scheme.By measuring the physical and chemical properties of edible rose soil,analyzing the response of its growth physiological characteristics to different irrigation methods and fertilization amounts,and exploring the influence of the two and their interaction on quality and morbidity,a comprehensive evaluation method was used to evaluate the various indicators of edible roses.Principal component analysis and membership function analysis,the following conclusions are obtained:（1）The soil moisture content under the drip irrigation method at each growth stage was higher than that under the micro-sprinkler irrigation method,and both were the lowest at a depth of 25 cm.Irrigation methods had no significant effect on catalase and phosphatase（P>0.05）.Compared with the F0 treatment,fertilization significantly increased the soil enzyme activity and soil EC value（P<0.05）;while the soil pH at the end of flowering stage had a significant downward trend compared with the germination stage,the interaction between irrigation methods and fertilizer amounts was more important in the germination and end of flowering stages.It has a significant effect on soil pH of edible roses（P<0.05）.With the growth period of edible roses,the soil nutrients of each treatment showed a trend of decreasing first and then increasing;and the available potassium,available phosphorus and nitrate nitrogen were the lowest in the budding stage;the available potassium,available phosphorus and The nitrate nitrogen content is the lowest.（2）Irrigation methods and fertilization rates had significant effects on plant height,stem diameter,leaf area and louver weight of"Mohong"edible rose（P<0.05）.WF3 treatment was beneficial to the growth of"Mohong"edible rose plant height,and DF3 treatment had Conducive to the growth of its thick stems.DF2 treatment is beneficial to the growth of leaf area and the accumulation of louver weight.Among them,the net photosynthetic rate and transpiration rate of edible roses peaked at the budding stage,and the net photosynthetic rate of DF2 treatment was the highest(17.93μmol·m^-2·s^-1);DF3 has the highest transpiration rate(6.10 mmol·m^-2·s^-1).The stomatal conductance and intercellular CO₂ concentration peaked at the full flowering stage,and the stomatal conductance was the highest in DF2 treatment(0.42 mmol·m^-2·s^-1);the intercellular CO₂ concentration was the highest in DF1 treatment(344.7 mol·m^-2·s^-1).The interaction effect of irrigation method and fertilization amount had a significant effect on carotenoid content and chlorophyll content of edible rose leaves（P<0.05）.The contents of chlorophyll and carotenoids were higher under DF2 treatment,which were 1.83 mg·g^-1 and 0.30 mg·g^-1,respectively.（3）The total yield of edible roses under drip irrigation were higher than those under micro-sprinkler irrigation,and the total yield showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing with the increase of fertilization amount.,and the relative water content of rose petals in WF3 was the highest（84.20%）at the end of flowering.Compared with micro-sprinkler irrigation,drip irrigation significantly increased the vitamin C,relative anthocyanin content,soluble sugar,soluble protein content,and the activities of peroxidase and superoxide dismutase in edible roses.Compared with no fertilization（F0）,vitamin C,relative anthocyanin content,soluble sugar,and soluble protein content were significantly increased（P<0.05）under the fertilization rates of F1,F2,and F3.During the period of high incidence,the incidence of drip irrigation was significantly lower than that of micro-sprinkler irrigation（P<0.01）,and the incidence decreased first and then increased with the increase of fertilization amount;the incidence rate of F2 fertilization amount was the lowest.（4）Based on the principal component analysis method,the measurement index is simplified,the main factors are obtained,and the membership function method is used for comprehensive evaluation.The results showed that transpiration rate,plant disease rate,catalase,pH and soluble sugar were selected as important principal component indicators;the cumulative contribution rate reached 96.823%.Under the same amount of fertilization,the comprehensive score of drip irrigation treatment was higher than that of micro-sprinkler irrigation.Under the same irrigation method,the comprehensive score showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing with the increase of fertilization amount;the highest membership value was DF2 treatment,which is 0.926.The lowest membership value is WF0 treatment,which is 0.257.Among the treatments,the comprehensive performance was the best under DF2 treatment.The overall ranking result is:DF2>DF1>DF3>WF2>WF1>WF3>DF0>WF1.The results showed that drip irrigation combined with F2 fertilization amount(1890 kg·hm^-2)is the recommended irrigation method and fertilization amount for scientific planting of edible roses under rain-shelter cultivation conditions.