Research On The Production Status And Development Countermeasures Of Peanut In Jilin Province

Peanuts are the main oil crops in China,with their total and unit yields ranking first among oil crops in the country.In recent years,the peanut planting area in Jilin Province has been increasing year by year,making it an important emerging flower production area in China.With the development of agriculture and rural Economic restructuring and agricultural industrialization,peanut production is increasingly valued and the demand for high-quality peanuts in Jilin Province is also expanding,which is a good opportunity for Jilin Province to develop peanut industry.However,the current situation of peanut production and development in Jilin Province and the production situation of peanut growers are not very clear,especially the problems in peanut production that need to be further explored.Based on this purpose,this study elucidates the current situation of peanut production and development in Jilin Province based on yearbook data,analyzes the production situation of peanut growers in Jilin Province based on research data,and clarifies the production differences at different yield levels of peanuts in Jilin Province based on research results,Finally,the main problems and solutions for peanut production in Jilin Province are proposed,which can provide theoretical basis and policy suggestions for improving the production level of peanuts in Jilin Province.The main results are as follows:1.The peanut yield and fertilization level in Jilin Province have been steadily increasing,and the selection of peanut variety Baisha 308 shows an upward trend.From 2018 to 2020,the average annual peanut planting area in Jilin Province was 24.0 hectares,with a total annual yield of 785000 tons and an average unit area yield of 3300 kg/hm~2.The average annual fertilization amount for peanuts in the province is 71900 tons,with an average fertilization amount of 823kg/hm~2per unit area.The nitrogen,phosphorus,and potassium nutrient inputs are 98.8,125.6,and 129.7 kg/hm~2,respectively.From the perspective of peanut varieties,the main peanut varieties used in Jilin Province are Baisha 308,Silihong,and Big Peanut.The proportion of Baisha 308 used has been increasing year by year,while the proportion of Silihong needed has been decreasing year by year,while the proportion of Big Peanut used has remained basically unchanged.In addition,Jilin Province has introduced multiple production technology regulations and support policies to provide guidance and support for planting peanuts in the main peanut production areas of Jilin Province.2.The yield and fertilization level of peanut growers in Jilin Province are moderate,and the benefits are considerable.750 peanut growers were selected from the main peanut producing areas for research,and the results showed that the average yield of peanut growers was 4000kg/hm~2.The average amount of nitrogen,phosphorus,and potassium input by peanut growers is102.3,127.2,and 122 kg/hm~2,and the average amount of nitrogen,phosphorus,and potassium nutrient accumulation in peanuts is 159.7 kg/hm~2,78.3 kg/hm~2,and 91.2 kg/hm~2.The fertilization methods of planters are mainly strip and hole fertilization,accounting for 62.38%and 32.80%respectively.The fertilizer types are mainly compound fertilizer and mixed fertilizer,with the proportion of compound fertilizer application being 68.54%.The selection of varieties is mainly based on Four Grain Red and White Sand 308,accounting for a total of 68.5%.In terms of field management,the proportion of planters who have applied pesticides,foliar fertilizers,plowed the land,and weeded more than three times is high.In terms of economic benefits,the average total investment of peanut growers is 7415 yuan/hm~2,with an average total income of 29018 yuan/hm~2and an average net income of 21603 yuan/hm~2.3.There are significant production differences under different yield levels of peanuts in Jilin Province,with the majority of middle class growers:the high,medium,and low yield levels of each peanut grower are 4853 kg/hm~2,3728 kg/hm~2,and 2800 kg/hm~2,accounting for30%,57%,and 13%,respectively;Comparing the inputs of various yield levels,it was found that the highest frequency of high yield was observed under fertilizer inputs of 800-900 kg/hm~2,while the highest frequency of high yield was observed under nitrogen,phosphorus,and potassium nutrient inputs of 90-110,70-130,and 80-140 kg/hm~2.The peanut variety Baisha 308has a higher frequency of high yield,with a recommended high yield density of 9000 to 11000holes per hectare.Peanut growers have a suitable cultivation area of 2-7 hm~2.In summary,the main problems in peanut production in Jilin Province are scattered planting plots,low levels of farmers,unreasonable fertilization methods and amounts,outdated varieties,slow updates,and low planting levels.The proposed countermeasures are to develop intensive,large-scale,and mechanized peanut industries,promote rational fertilization of peanut industries,ensure variety updates,improve farmers’planting levels,increase policy guidance,and increase farmers’income.