A Study Of The Impact Of Farm Households’ Forms Of Forestry Employment On Their Income

Employment is the biggest livelihood,the top priority of economic development,and the key to maintaining social stability.Forestry is a basic industry of the national economy,and forestry employment is a social and economic phenomenon that accompanies forestry production and operation activities,and is the process of activities in which workers are employed or engaged in forestry,its affiliated industries and other related industries,and receive wage income or labor remuneration.For a long time,forestry has played an outstanding contribution and role in absorbing labor force employment,effectively promoting farmers to increase their income and get rich.In the context of the current huge employment pressure on China’s population,forestry has become an important channel for absorbing labor force employment.In this context,paying attention to the phenomenon of forestry employment,studying forestry employment,and grasping the current situation and development trends of forestry have become important topics in the future development of China’s forestry industry.Based on theories related to farmers’ behavior,sustainable development theory,scale management theory,factor endowment theory,and labor allocation theory,this paper constructs the influence mechanism of forestry employment forms on farmers’ income and enriches the research related to forestry employment.Second,using the field research data of collective forest areas nationwide in 2020,the basic characteristics of sample farm households and household resource endowment are counted,and the differences in the characteristics of forestry employment forms and income status of sample farm households are analyzed.Subsequently,a combination of OLS and quantile regression was used to empirically verify the effects of farm households’ forestry employment forms on farm households’ forestry income and farm households’ total income,and to analyze the differences in the effects of farm households’ forestry employment forms on farm households’ income at different income levels.The main findings are as follows.(1)In the choice of farmers’ forestry employment forms,the farmers in the collective forestry sample areas are more inclined to choose forestry employment forms involving parttime jobs and part-time jobs,and the farmers who choose forestry employment form of managing forest land account for a lower proportion.There is also a certain degree of variability in the choice of forestry employment forms in different sample areas.In terms of farm household income,there is some room for improving the forestry income and total household income of farm households,forestry income accounts for a certain proportion of the total income of farm households,forestry income occupies a certain economic position in farm households,and the income of farm households also has obvious regional differences nationwide.(2)Forestry-related work has a significant effect on the forestry income and total income of farmers,and is significantly stronger than the promotion effect of forest land management on both of them,from this perspective,forestry-related work is a better form of forestry employment than forest land management.However,considering the risk aversion,most farmers have a preference for part-time employment.(3)From the perspective of income level,the study finds that forestry employment has a significant positive effect in the 0.1-0.7quantile,i.e.,it promotes the increase of forestry income and total farm income for low-income,middle-income,middle-income and middle-high income groups;however,it does not have a significant effect on the increase of income for high-income groups.The positive effect of operating forest land on farm households’ forestry income was significant at the 0.1-0.5quantile;the positive effect of operating forest land on farm households’ total income was significant at the 0.1-0.2 quantile,indicating that the effect of operating forest land on farm households’ income increase was only reflected in the low-income farm households group.Combining the findings of the study,the following recommendations are made: the government should improve the forest land transfer system and develop large-scale forest land management,so that forest land resources can be effectively used and the labor productivity and forestry production efficiency of farmers can be improved to achieve scale benefits.Widely carry out forestry technology training,enhance the advantages of human capital,and promote farmers’ professional and scientific forestry operation.Improve forestry-related supporting policies to support forestry development.Promote the transformation and upgrading of the forestry industry and the modernization of forestry.