| Testis is one of the tissues with two-way differentiation potential in mammals.It has spermatogenesis and endocrine functions.Its dysfunction can easily lead to sexual dysfunction or male sterility,which greatly restricts the reproductive function of animals.Testicular development is a gradual physiological process,which is closely related to spermatogenesis.Guanzhong dairy goat is an excellent dairy goat breed in Guanzhong area of Shaanxi Province.It is generally weaned at 1 month old,reaches sexual maturity at 5months old,reaches body maturity at 24 months old,and begins to age at 60 months old.At present,there is no report on the metabolic mechanism of testicular development and aging in Guanzhong dairy goats from the perspective of metabolomics.In this study,ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry(UPLC-MS / MS)was used to compare the metabolomics of testicular tissue development and aging in Guanzhong dairy goats.The results are as follows :1.A total of 373 differential metabolites were screened in the comparative analysis of testicular development metabolic profiles of Guanzhong dairy goats at 1 month and 5months of age.Among them,there were 68 extremely significant differential metabolites,32 were up-regulated and 36 were down-regulated,which belonged to 8 categories : lipid and lipid molecules,organic acids and their derivatives,aerobic compounds,nucleosides,nucleotides and analogues,organic heterocyclic compounds,organic nitrogen compounds,benzene ring compounds,and polyketides.There were 15 key metabolic pathways involved.Purine metabolism,arginine and proline metabolism,glutamatergic synapse,GABAergic synapse,alcoholism,protein digestion and absorption,cell gap junction,choline metabolism in tumors,central carbon metabolism in tumors,β-alanine metabolism,D-glutamine and D-glutamate metabolism,vascular smooth muscle contraction,regulation of lipolysis in adipocytes,sphingolipid signaling pathway and glutathione metabolism pathway.L-glutamate,L-glutamine,adenosine and proline were found as potential biomarkers by enrichment of metabolites in related metabolic pathways.2.In the comparative analysis of the metabolic profile of testis development between5-month-old and 24-month-old Guanzhong dairy goats,a total of 189 differential metabolites were screened,of which 44 were extremely significant differential metabolites,15 were up-regulated and 29 were down-regulated,belonging to 8 categories of lipid and lipid molecules,organic acids and their derivatives,nucleosides,nucleotides and analogues,organic oxygen compounds,organic heterocyclic compounds,organic nitrogen compounds,benzene ring compounds and polyketides.They are choline metabolism in tumors,arginine biosynthesis,purine metabolism,cell gap junction,glutathione metabolism,amyotrophic lateral sclerosis,arginine and proline metabolism,primary bile acid biosynthesis,ascorbic acid and aldose metabolism,insulin resistance,glycerophospholipid metabolism,taurine and hypotaurine metabolism and caffeine metabolism pathways.Through the enrichment of metabolites in related metabolic pathways,L-glutamic acid and L-arginine were found to be potential biomarkers.3.A total of 129 differential metabolites were screened out in the comparative analysis of testicular aging metabolic profiles between 24-month-old and 60-month-old Guanzhong dairy goats.Among them,there were 35 extremely significant differential metabolites,21up-regulated and 14 down-regulated,which belonged to 7 categories : organic acids and their derivatives,lipids and lipid molecules,nucleosides,nucleotides and analogues,organic oxygen compounds,phenylpropane and polyketides,organic nitrogen compounds,and organic heterocyclic compounds.There were 9 key metabolic pathways involved.They are ferroptosis,ABC transporter,glutathione metabolism,arginine biosynthesis,aminoacyl-t RNA biosynthesis,alcoholism,amino acid sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism,choline metabolism in tumors,arginine and proline metabolism,amyotrophic lateral sclerosis,purine metabolism,retrograde cannabinoid signaling and taurine and hypotaurine metabolic pathways.Through the enrichment of metabolites in related metabolic pathways,L-glutamic acid and L-arginine were found to be potential biomarkers.In summary,this study shows that L-glutamic acid,L-arginine,L-glutamine,adenosine and proline are potential biomarkers during testicular development,and L-glutamic acid and L-arginine are potential biomarkers during testicular aging.This study revealed the differential metabolites and metabolic mechanisms in the process of testicular development and aging in Guanzhong dairy goats from the perspective of metabolomics,which laid a foundation for the future study of mammalian testicular development and aging. |
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