| Reasonable fertilization and variety improvement play an important role in ensuring crop yield and improving resource utilization efficiency.In this study,two new wheat varieties（Zhongmai 578 and Weilong 169）and the main cultivar Xiaoyan 22 in Guanzhong Plain were used as materials under different fertilization levels to explore the effects of fertilization levels,wheat varieties and their interaction on wheat growth,physiological characteristics,yield,nitrogen and phosphorus efficiency.There are seven treatments involved in field experiment,i.e.no fertilization input as control（CK）,100%NPK supplied by chemical fertilizers（NPK）,maize straw return plus NPK（SNPK）,the combination of organic manure and chemical fertilizers（25%M,50%M,75%M,100%M）.The main results and conclusions obtained are as follows:1)Fertilization and varieties significantly affected the tillering ability of wheat.Compared with NPK treatment,the tillering ability of wheat treated with SNPK,25%M and50%M increased by about 3%,13%and 10%,respectively,and the tillering ability of wheat treated with 75%M and 100%M decreased by about 7%and 17%,respectively.The tillering ability of Weilong 169 and Xiaoyan 22 were significantly higher than that of Zhongmai 578.In addition,compared with NPK treatment,25%M treatment significantly increased root length density,root volume density and root surface area density of Weilong 169,but had no significant effect on other varieties.The root growth parameters of wheat varieties were similar.2)The relative content of chlorophyll in flag leaves of wheat began to decrease significantly after 14 days after anthesis.The relative content of chlorophyll in the flag leaves of SNPK,NPK and 25%M treatments was higher than that of other treatments and the rates of decrease was faster.The relative content of chlorophyll in the flag leaves of Weilong 169and Xiaoyan 22 were high and the decline rates were fast.75%M significantly increased the water-soluble carbohydrate translocation of wheat compared with other treatments.There was no significant difference in water-soluble carbohydrate translocation between varieties.3)Wheat yield ranged from 1471 to 9227 kg ha-1.Fertilization significantly increased wheat yield.Compared with NPK treatment,SNPK and 25%M treatments increased wheat yield by about 7%and 2%,respectively,while 50%M,75%M and 100%M treatments decreased wheat yield by about 8%,16%and 42%,respectively.The yield of Weilong 169was significantly higher than that of Xiaoyan 22,and Xiaoyan 22 was significantly higher than that of Zhongmai 578.Weilong 169 had higher yield under NPK treatment,and Zhongmai 578had higher yield under 25%M treatment.4)The nitrogen harvest index of wheat ranged from 65.01%to 91.63%,and the nitrogen utilization efficiency ranged from 36.69 to 88.79 kg kg-1.The nitrogen harvest index and nitrogen utilization efficiency of CK treatment were significantly higher than those of fertilization treatment.The nitrogen harvest index of 75%M treatment was significantly higher than that of 25%M,and the nitrogen utilization efficiency of organic and inorganic fertilizer treatment were significantly higher than that of NPK and SNPK.The nitrogen harvest index and nitrogen utilization efficiency of Weilong 169 were significantly higher than those of the other two varieties.5)The phosphorus harvest index of wheat ranged from 60.55%to 94.02%,and the phosphorus utilization efficiency ranged from 128.72 to 417.06 kg kg-1.The phosphorus harvest index of NPK and SNPK treatments were significantly higher than that of 50%M,75%M,100%M and CK treatments.The phosphorus utilization efficiency of SNPK and NPK were significantly higher than other fertilization treatments.There were no significant difference in nitrogen harvest index among wheat varieties.Phosphorus utilization efficiency of Weilong 169 and Xiaoyan 22 was significantly higher than that of Zhongmai 578.In summary,fertilization levels and wheat varieties had significant effects on wheat yield and nitrogen and phosphorus efficiency.The yield of NPK,SNPK and 25%M was significantly higher than that of other treatments.Compared with NPK treatment,25%M treatment increased wheat yield and nitrogen utilization efficiency,and SNPK treatment increased wheat yield and phosphorus utilization efficiency.“Weilong 169”is a high yield and high nitrogen and phosphorus efficiency whest cultivar. |
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