Effects Of Fecal Microbiota Transplantation From Jilin Yellow Hens Combined With Clostridium Butyricum On Early Growth And Intestinal Microbiota Of Laying Chicks

In the traditional incubation and feeding process of hens,the maternal microbiota can be quickly transmitted to the newborn chicks.This"bacteria vein"transmission is conducive to the intestinal colonization of the newborn chicks,and is conducive to the improvement of the immunity and disease resistance of the chicks.Modern methods for producing laying chicks stop parental microbial transmission,preventing the transmission of maternal microbiota to fresh flocks of hatched chicks.The intestinal microbiota of chicks can be changed,nevertheless,by using fecal microbiota transplantation(FMT).Jilin Yellow chicken is a superior local chicken species in Jilin Province,with disease resistance and strong environmental adaptation.Moreover,its intestinal microbiome is a valuable biological resource and prospective donor for fecal microbiota transplantation.In this study,Jilin Yellow chicken was selected as the donor for fecal microbiota transplantation,to explore the effect of fecal microbiota transplantation from Jilin Yellow chicken on the early intestinal development and intestinal microbiota of chickens.The work aims to investigate the feasibility of using the intestinal microbiota of Jilin Yellow chicken,as a bioactive resource to enhance chicken immune function and develop healthy production.Firstly,the effects of fecal microbiota transplantation from different chicken and antibiotics from on growth performance,intestinal development and intestinal microbiota of laying chicks were studied.In this study,240 1-day-old Hy-line Brown hatched chicks were placed into four groups at random:a control group(CON),a group that received treatment with Hy-line Brown chicken source feces(HFMT),a group that received treatment with Jilin yellow chicken source feces(YFMT),and a group that received antibiotics(ANT).The feces of Hy-line Brown chicken were used to make the fecal bacterial liquid for the HFMT group,while the feces of Jilin Yellow chicken were used to make the YFMT group.The HFMT and YFMT groups received 50,60,and 70 u L of the equivalent fecal bacterial suspension on the first,third,and fifth days of the trial,respectively,while the ANT group gived a basic diet diet supplemented with 20 mg/kg of Bacitracin zinc.The findings revealed that the weight of laying chicks at 7 and21 days of age in HFMT group increased significantly(P<0.01),and that in YFMT group increased significantly at 21 days of age(P<0.01)and 28 days of age(P<0.05);the level of IL-10 in the HFMT group was significantly increased(P<0.05);the YFMT group increased the level ofβ-defensin and Bursa of fabricius index;the level of s Ig A in the mucosa and the number of goblet cells in the ileum increased in the YFMT group(P<0.05);concurrently,the villus height of the jejunum and the ileum,the number of Ig A~+cells,and the concentration of acetic acid,propionic acid,and total acid in the cecum contents were significantly increased in both fecal bacteria transplantation groups(P<0.05);the relative expression of the Muc2 gene in the CON group was substantially lower than that in the other groups(P<0.05);with regard to the intestinal flora,the diversity index and richness index of the flora in the two fecal microbiota transplantation groups rose significantly(P<0.05),and the flora concentration was higher.Both homologous and heterologous fecal microbiota transplantation might improve intestinal development.However,their emphasis on encouraging intestinal development of chicks was different.According to comparison analysis between groups,homologous Hy-line Brown chicken faecalis transplantation had a positive impact on the early development of chicks;however,Yellow chicken heterologous fecal microbiota transplantation can considerably improve the mucosal immunity level of the ileum and the maturation of Fabricius bursa.Secondly,further verify the effect of Jilin Yellow chicken-derived flora transplantation and the effect of combined Clostridium butyricum on the early growth and development of laying chicks.A total of 320 1-day-old Hy-line brown egg chicks were randomly divided into control group(CON),FMT group(FMT),Clostridium butyricum group(CB),and FMT+Clostridium butyricum group(FMT-CB).CON group and FMT group were supplied with basal diet,and CB group and FMT-CB group were supplemented with Clostridium butyricum(5×10~8CFU/kg)on the basis of this diet.On the 1st,3rd and 5th days of the experiment,the FMT group and the FMT-CB group were fed with 100μL of fecal bacterial suspension.At the samg time,other group got the same quantity of sterile saline.According to the findings,CB group and FMT-CB group was significantly higher than that in the CON group(P<0.01).At the age of 7 days,the spleen index of each experimental group was significantly higher than that of the CON group(P<0.01),and the bursa index of each experimental group was significantly higher than that of the CON group(P<0.05).At 7 days of age,the height of ileum villus in FMT group and CB group was significantly higher than that in other groups(P<0.01);at 14 days of age,the height of ileum and jejunum in FMT group was significantly higher than that in other groups(P<0.05).Serum complement C3 and Ig A in FMT group were significantly higher than those in other groups(P<0.05).The propionic acid,butyric acid and total acid in the FMT-CB group were significantly higher than those in the control group(P<0.05).Compared with the CON group,the flora richness of the FMT-CB group was increased(P<0.05).Relative abundances of Faecalibacterium,Sarterella,and Fungal genera in the FMT group compared with the CON group and Parabacteroides,Oscillobacter,Faecalibacterium,Bifidobacterium,Ruminococcus and Macroglobus in the FMT-CB group Type bacteria and other beneficial bacteria reached a significant level(P<0.05).It can be concluded that fecal microbiota transplantation combined with Clostridium butyricum has a significant effect on the growth and development of chicks and improving intestinal flora,increasing the abundance of beneficial bacteria,and both can promote the maturation of immune organs.In conclusion,the transplantation of fecal microbiota from Jilin Yellow chickens can not only improve the intestinal mucosal immunity of chicks,but also promote intestinal development.Jilin Yellow chicken-derived fecal microbiota transplantation combined with Clostridium butyricum can promote the growth and development of chicks and control the equilibrium of intestinal microbiota.The research can lay an experimental foundation for the development and utilization of Jilin Yellow chicken,a biologically active resource.