Effects Of Xylo-Oligosaccharides And Coated Sodium Butyrate On Growth Performance,Immunity And Intestinal Barrier Of Broilers

Modern broiler production pursues high-efficiency production.The rapid growth of broiler chickens and the increase in muscle yield also lead to weaker disease resistance.In broiler production,antibiotics have been used to promote growth and ensure the health for many years.However,due to a series of problems caused by antibiotics and the prohibition of feed antibiotics,it is an important problem that how to improve broilers’growth performance and disease resistance by using of nutrition regulation methods.Xylo-oligosaccharides(XOS)and sodium butyrate(SB)have been confirmed that they have the ability of anti-inflammatory,regulating intestinal flora,protecting the intestinal barrier,and anti-oxidation,which can enhance the immunity of broilers.Although XOS and SB have been studied in broilers,the effect of the combination of XOS and SB is still unclear.Therefore,XOS and coated sodium butyrate(CSB)was added to the diets of Ross308 broilers to study the effects on the growth performance,antioxidant capacity,immunity and intestinal barrier of broilers,and explore whether the combined of XOS and CSB has a synergistic effect,and provide a theoretical basis for their scientific application in broiler production.1.Effects of xylo-oligosaccharides and coated sodium butyrate on growth performance,immunity and antioxidant capacity of broilersThe 2×2 factorial test design was adopted,with two levels of XOS(0 and 150 mg/kg)and two levels of CSB(0 and 400 mg/kg).A total of 192 1-day-old Ross308 chicks were randomly was divided into 4 groups with 6 replicates per group and 8 broilers per replicate,and the 4 groups were Control,XOS,CSB and XOS+CSB group,respectively.The trial lasted for 42 d.The results are shown as follows:1)The supplementation of XOS or CSB and the combination had no significant effect on the growth performance of broilers(P>0.05),but the body weight gain of XOS,CSB and XOS+CSB groups increased by14.41%,15.57%,11.98%,and the feed-to-weight ratio decreased by 3.85%,9.21%and7.09%compared with control group.And CSB supplementation can significantly increase broiler thymus and bursa index(P<0.05).2)CSB supplementation increased plasma myeloperoxidase(MPO)activity,immunoglobulin G(Ig G)and Ig M concentration,whereas adding XOS only improved Ig M concentration(P<0.05).And a significant interaction was observed for MPO activity(P<0.05).3)The XOS or CSB individual supplementation significantly reduced the level of serum IL-6(P<0.05).Simultaneously,a significant interaction was found for the serum IL-6 level,whereas XOS+CSB group had the lowest IL-6 level(P<0.05).4)The XOS or CSB individual supplementation significantly reduced the content of MDA in plasma,and XOS supplementation significantly increased total antioxidant capacity(T-AOC)in the jejunum and ileum.And CSB supplementation significantly increased jejunal T-AOC,the activities of glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px)in the jejunum and the ileum(P<0.05).The results suggested that dietary XOS and CSB supplementation had no effect on the growth performance,while promoted the development of immune organs and enhanced antioxidant capacity and the immune function of broilers.2.Effects of xylo-oligosaccharides and coated sodium butyrate on intestinal morphology and intestinal physical barrier function of broilersThe experiment design was the same as experiment 1.The results are shown as follows:1)CSB supplementation decreased the relative length of the duodenum and ileum(P<0.05),and increased the weight per unit length of the small intestine(P<0.05).An interaction effect between XOS and CSB was observed for ileum weight per unit length(P<0.05).2)Broilers fed CSB and their interaction exhibited increased ileal VH/CD and GC numbers in the ileum,as well as decreased ileal CD(P<0.05).Broilers fed XOS and CSB individually showed higher ileal VH,the number of GC in the duodenum and jejunum(P<0.05).3)XOS and CSB individual supplementation decreased serum D-Lactic acid concentration and upregulated the expression of claudin3 in ileum,and CSB supplementation could also increase the m RNA expression of duodenal occludin,jejunal claudin3 and ZO-1(P<0.05).Simultaneously,a significant interaction was found for the ileal expression of claudin3(P<0.05).The results suggested that dietary XOS and CSB supplementation promoted the development of the small intestine of broilers,improved the morphological structure of the small intestinal mucosa and the physical barrier of the intestine.Although no clear synergy of XOS and CSB were detected,the combination had positively affect broilers intestinal barrier.3.Effects of xylo-oligosaccharides and coated sodium butyrate on intestinal mucosal immunity and cecal microorganism in broilersThe experiment design was the same as experiment 1.The results are shown as follows:1)XOS supplementation increased the number of IEL in the jejunum and ileum,and Ig A~+cells in the jejunum(P<0.05).At the same time,CSB supplementation also increased the number of IEL in the small intestine and the number of Ig A~+cells in the duodenum and ileum,and a significant interaction was observed for the number of IEL in the ileum(P<0.05).2)XOS supplementation could reduce the expression of IFN-γand TLR2 in the jejunum and ileum(P<0.05).CSB supplementation showed lower level of IL-1βm RNA expression in the jejunum and IL-1β,IFN-γm RNA expression levels in the ileum(P<0.05).Simultaneously,a significant interaction was found for the ileal expression of IL-1β(P<0.05).3)XOS supplementation increased the number of Bifidobacteria(P<0.05)and CSB supplementation had a tend to increase Bifidobacteria(0.05<P<0.10)in the cecum.The results suggested that dietary XOS and CSB supplementation increased the IEL and Ig A~+cells of intestinal mucosa,regulated the production of intestinal mucosal cytokines through the TLR2 pathway,proliferated beneficial intestinal bacteria,which can enhance the immune function of intestinal mucosa and have a certain synergy effect.In conlusion,dietary XOS and CSB supplementation had no significant effect on the growth performance of broilers,but promoted the development of immune organs and small intestine,improved immunity by increasing immune enzyme activity,immunoglobulin levels and anti-inflammatory effects,and enhanced the intestinal barrier function by upregulating the expression of tight junction protein,reducing the level of mucosal inflammation,and proliferating beneficial bacteria.In addition,XOS exerted anti-inflammatory effects by reducing the m RNA expression of intestinal IFN-γthrough TLR2 pathway.And the combination had a potential synergistic effect,which had a positive effect,and there was a better effect on the ileum.