A Review Of The Effects Of Probiotics On Aquaculture And The Perspective On Utilization In Laos’s Aquaculture

Globally,aquaculture has grown rapidly over the past years and has become an important sector in meeting human protein needs.Similarly,Lao aquaculture has witnessed a fast growth over the past years,and it has become a critical part of the country’s economy and protein source.The increase in aquaculture is mainly a result of adopting the intensive culture method.However,intensive aquaculture certainly results in overcrowding,which causes alterations in the water quality which induces unfavorable effects on the immune system of fish and subsequently makes them more susceptible to stress and pathogens.Over the past years,antibiotics and chemotherapeutics have been used to control fish diseases.However,their use has brought about increased disease resistance,thus,they are now being strictly regulated in aquaculture.This has triggered the search for alternatives to control fish diseases in the aquaculture industry.Among the alternatives are probiotics,these are among the most commonly used additives to improve the quality of the culture water,disease resistance,feed efficiency,and growth performance.Probiotics have been reported to improve water quality,hence,they are often used as a bioremediation tool.For example introduction of gram-positive Bacillus spp has been reported to effectively transform organic matter to CO₂,which in turn affects the transformation of a larger percentage of organic carbon to bacterial biomass.It has been reported that bacteria such as Bacillus spp.,can be utilized to improve the quality of water.For example,Bacillus spp.were linked with the upgrading of water quality,juvenile penaeus monodon culture water.The principal for utilization of probiotics in aquaculture is based on the breakdown of organic matter,decreasing nitrogen and phosphorus levels,enhancement algal development,enhanced accessibility of dissolved oxygen,suppressed cyanobacteria blooms,organized ammonia,nitrite,and hydrogen sulfide levels,reduced incidences of disease,greater survival,and enhance.Probiotics are environmentally friendly aquaculture,thus they are used as alternatives to antibiotics and as growth promoters in aquaculture.This is because probiotics have been shown to improve the activity of the gut bacteria community,enhance the immune status,and disease resistance,and improve survival,feed utilization,and growth performance.As natural products,probiotics have much potential to increase the efficiency and sustainability of aquaculture production.Despite the obvious benefits of probiotics,the current utilization and research progress in the use of probiotics in Lao’s aquaculture industry is not well documented.Therefore,the present review was conducted to highlight the current research progress and their utilization in Laos’s aquaculture...