Interaction Between Deep Turn-Over Of Maize Straw And Shallow-Buried Drip Irrigation

For the western region of Inner Mongolia soil is infertile,with small rainfall evaporation,irrigation water shortage,and other bottlenecks limiting the high yield and high efficiency of corn production.In this study,different tillage irrigation combinations were set up by means of straw deep tillage and shallow drip irrigation without film.By investigating soil physical and chemical properties,maize morphological indicators,dry matter accumulation and nutrient accumulation,yield and its constituents,production costs,and returns,we analyzed the effects of applying straw deep-turning and shallow-burying drip irrigation techniques and their intercropping on soil,plant,water,and fertilizer production efficiency and economic benefits.The main findings are as follows:(1)Using the combination of shallow rotation + conventional diffuse irrigation as the control,the straw was returned to the field by deep turning,which reduced the soil bulk weight of 20-40 cm by 2.48%-4.73%;the soil compactness was reduced,more obviously in the surface layer,by 14.05-45.70%;and the water content of 0-40 cm soil layer increased during the speculation period.Compared with the control,there was no significant change in the application of shallow buried drip irrigation technology in terms of capacitance and water content.(2)Using the combination of shallow rotation + conventional diffuse irrigation as the control,the organic matter content increased by 12.17%-15.95%,total nitrogen content,alkaline nitrogen,fast-acting phosphorus,and fast-acting potassium content increased significantly at the modulation stage with the application of straw deep-turning;the alkaline nitrogen and fast-acting phosphorus content increased slightly with the application of shallow buried drip irrigation technology;the increase in soil nutrient content was greater with the intercropping of the two and lasted until maturity,with organic matter increasing by17.57 Organic matter increased by 17.57%-19.34%,total nitrogen by 4.27%-8.83%,alkaline nitrogen by 11.28%-49.0%,fast-acting phosphorus by 7.55%-62.81%,and fast-acting potassium by 26.65%-82.12%.(3)straw deep-turning and shallow drip irrigation intercropping corn emergence rate increased by 2.71 percentage points;plant height increased by 6.57%-9.15% and stalk thickness increased by 9.88%-22.22% compared with the control,the application of straw deep-turning and return to the field or shallow drip irrigation single technology plant height and stalk thickness increase is smaller.Straw deep-turned and returned to the field than shallow spin can increase the single leaf area of corn,and combined with shallowly buried drip irrigation technology increased by 22.71%-101.76%,the increase is more obvious.(4)The application of straw deep tillage and return or shallow drip irrigation technology both increase the material accumulation of each organ and single plant of corn,as well as the content of total nitrogen,total phosphorus,and total potassium in stems,leaves and seeds;the combination of the two increases the efficiency more significantly,with the increase of dry weight of single plant of full fertility by 23.66%-48.70%,and the increase of total nitrogen,total phosphorus and total potassium in seeds by 13.01%-14.15%,15.84%-Total N,total P,and total K increased by 13.01%-14.15%,15.84%-15.98%,and 28.44%-33.47%,respectively.(5)Maize yield increased by 17.51% compared to the control by applying straw deepturning and returning technology,and by 29.22% by combining straw deep-turning and shallowly buried drip irrigation;yield components also had a similar increasing trend.The application of straw deep-turning and returning to the field or shallowly buried drip irrigation technology can improve water and fertilizer production efficiency and the combination of the two increases more,with a 21.18% increase in nitrogen production efficiency,21.18%increase in fertilizer production efficiency,89.68% increase in irrigation production efficiency,and 61.68% increase in water production efficiency.(6)The application of straw deep-turning or shallow drip irrigation technology maize production costs are increased,but the output value increased by 1036 yuan per hectare and4040 yuan per hectare compared with the control,and the return increased by 1.42% and12.85%;the two intercropping greater return,increased by 25.77%.In summary,the soil structure,nutrient content,plant material accumulation and yield,water and fertilizer production efficiency,and economic efficiency were all improved by applying straw deep-turning or shallow-buried drip irrigation technology,and the mutual cooperation between the two improved even more.Therefore,it is suggested that a combination of straw deep-turning and shallow drip irrigation can be used to improve maize yield and profitability in the western part of Mongolia.